Estimating the input of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and SGD-derived nutrients in Geoje Bay, Korea using 222Rn-Si mass balance model

2016 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Woon Hwang ◽  
In-Seok Lee ◽  
Minkyu Choi ◽  
Tae-Hoon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Submarine Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Mass Balance Model ◽  
Submarine Groundwater

Evaluation of submarine groundwater discharge into the northern Bohai Bay, China using 226Ra

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 362-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejing Wang ◽  
Hailong Li ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Chaoyue Wang ◽  
Wenjing Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Submarine Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Return Flow ◽  
Bohai Bay ◽  
Mass Balance Model ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Radium Isotope ◽  
Submarine Groundwater

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has been widely recognized as a significant source of water and dissolved material transport from land to ocean. To quantify SGD into the northern Bohai Bay, China, naturally occurring radium isotope (226Ra) was measured in water samples collected along two transects in September 2012. Based on a tidal prism model, two different flushing times of the coastal water were determined to be 9.1 d and 11.5 d with respect to the different return flow factor (b) obtained from a physical model and a mass balance model of 226Ra and salinity, respectively. Using the derived flushing time, we developed a 226Ra mass balance model to estimate the SGD into the bay, which includes mixing, sedimentary input and SGD. The 226Ra budget indicated the 226Ra input from SGD accounted for 99% of the total tracer input to the northern Bohai Bay. We arrived at an average flux from SGD of 4.83 × 107 m3/d. The large volume of SGD confirms its importance in supplying a considerable quantity of nutrients to the bay.

scholarly journals Estimating submarine groundwater discharge in Jeju volcanic island (Korea) during a typhoon (Kong-rey) using humic-fluorescent dissolved organic matter-Si mass balance

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyung-Mi Cho ◽  
Tae-Hoon Kim ◽  
Jae-Hong Moon ◽  
Byung-Chan Song ◽  
Dong-Woon Hwang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Submarine Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Mass Balance Model ◽  
Seepage Rate ◽  
Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Submarine Groundwater

AbstractWe examined the residence time, seepage rate, and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD)-driven dissolved nutrients and organic matter in Hwasun Bay, Jeju Island, Korea during the occurrence of a typhoon, Kong-rey, using a humic fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOMH)-Si mass balance model. The study period spanned October 4–10, 2018. One day after the typhoon, the residence time and seepage rate were calculated to be 1 day and 0.51 m day−1, respectively, and the highest SGD-driven fluxes of chemical constituents were estimated (1.7 × 106 mol day−1 for dissolved inorganic nitrogen, 0.1 × 106 mol day−1 for dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), 1.1 × 106 mol day−1 for dissolved silicon, 0.5 × 106 mol day−1 for dissolved organic carbon, 1.6 × 106 mol day−1 for dissolved organic nitrogen, 0.4 × 106 mol day−1 for particulate organic carbon, and 38 × 106 g QS day−1 for FDOMH). SGD-driven fluxes of dissolved nutrient and organic matter were over 90% of the total input fluxes in Hwasun Bay. Our results highlight the potential of using the FDOMH-Si mass balance model to effectively measure SGD within a specific area (i.e., volcanic islands) under specific weather conditions (i.e., typhoon/storm). In oligotrophic oceanic regions, SGD-driven chemical fluxes from highly permeable islands considerably contribute to coastal nutrient budgets and coastal biological production.

scholarly journals Estimation of submarine groundwater discharge in the Il-Gwang watershed using water budget analysis and222Rn mass balance

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 3761-3775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Seok Gwak ◽  
Sang-Hyun Kim ◽  
Yong-Woo Lee ◽  
Boo-Keun Khim ◽  
Se-Yeong Hamm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Water Budget ◽  
Submarine Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Submarine Groundwater

scholarly journals Submarine Groundwater Discharge in a Coastal Bay: Evidence from Radon Investigations

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2552
Author(s):  
Manhua Luo ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Hailong Li ◽  
Xuejing Wang ◽  
Kai Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Submarine Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Jiaozhou Bay ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Discharge Rates ◽  
Submarine Groundwater ◽  
Coastal Bay

Jiaozhou Bay, an urbanized coastal bay located in the southern part of Shandong Peninsula, China, has been deeply affected by anthropogenic activities. Here, the naturally occurring 222Rn isotope was used as a tracer to assess the submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in this bay. The time series of 222Rn concentrations in nearshore seawater were monitored continuously over several tidal cycles at two fixed sites (Tuandao (TD) and Hongdao (HD)) during the dry season in spring and the wet season in autumn of 2016. 222Rn concentrations in seawater were negatively related to the water depth, indicating the influence of tidal pumping. A 222Rn mass balance model revealed that the mean SGD rates were 21.9 cm/d at TD and 17.8 cm/d at HD in the dry season, and were 19.5 cm/d at TD and 26.9 cm/d at HD in the wet season. These rates were about 8–14 times the discharge rates of the local rivers. Enhanced groundwater inputs occurred at HD in the wet season, likely due to the large tidal amplitudes and the rapid response to local precipitation. Large inputs of SGD may have important influences on nutrients levels and structure, as well as the water eutrophication occurring in coastal waters.

scholarly journals Insights onto Hydrologic and Hydro-Chemical Processes of Riparian Groundwater Using Environmental Tracers in the Highly Disturbed Shaying River Basin, China

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1939
Author(s):  
Baoling Li ◽  
Xianfang Song ◽  
Lihu Yang ◽  
Dongxu Yao ◽  
Yingchun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Environmental Tracers ◽  
Mass Balance Model ◽  
Untreated Sewage ◽  
Δ18o And Δd

Understanding the hydrologic and hydrochemistry processes in the riparian area is of great importance for managing and protecting riparian water resources. This paper took a highly disturbed and polluted Shaying River Basin (SRB) of China as the study area. In this research, environmental tracers (hydrochemical and isotopic data of222Rn, δ18O, and δD) and corresponding models (two-component mixing model and 222Rn mass balance model) were employed to investigate the hydrologic and associated hydro-chemical process of riparian groundwater. The results indicated that rivers received groundwater discharge located at Xihua (J8), Zhoukou (Y1), Luohe (S2), and Shenqiu (SY2), and the mixing extent with groundwater was greater in wet seasons than in dry seasons. The 222Rn mass balance model showed that the flux of river water leakage was 3.27 × 10−4 m3/(s·m) at the front of Zhoukou sluice while groundwater discharge was 3.50 × 10−3 m3/(s·m) at the front of Shenqiu sluice during the sampling period. The cation exchange and the dissolution/precipitation of aquifer minerals (including calcite, dolomite, gypsum, and halite) were dominated by geochemical processes. The untreated sewage discharge and fertilizer usage were the main anthropogenic activities affecting the hydrochemistry process in surface water and riparian groundwater. Additionally, our results found that nitrate pollutants derived by riparian groundwater were potential threats to river quality at the lower reaches of Jialu River and Shenqiu county of Shaying River, where the nitrate inputs could be larger during the wet seasons because of higher groundwater discharge.

Estimating coastal mixing rates and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in Guangdong-HongKong-Macau Greater Bay Area, China using radium isotopes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuejing Wang ◽  
Hailong Li ◽  
Chunmiao Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Submarine Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Radium Isotopes ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Submarine Groundwater ◽  
Mixing Rates

<p>As a major component of the hydrological cycle, submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) has been widely recognized as a significant source of water and an important pathway for dissolved material transport from land to ocean. Natural radium isotopes are recognized as ideal tracers for effective and efficient assessment of SGD in local scales and global scales since they are conservative chemically and widely enriched in SGD. Here we report the estimates of coastal mixing rates and SGD in Guangdong-HongKong-Macau Greater Bay Area, China using radium isotopes. The distributions of short-lived <sup>223</sup>Ra, <sup>224</sup>Ra and long-lived <sup>228</sup>Ra in seawater and coastal groundwater were investigated. Based on the horizontal distribution of short-lived Ra and a mixing model, the horizontal eddy diffusion coefficient in the region was estimated to be 230-1085 m<sup>2</sup>/s. The offshore fluxes of <sup>228</sup>Ra can be derived from their across-shelf activity gradients and the eddy horizontal diffusion coefficient. Such <sup>228</sup>Ra fluxes require a substantial volume of groundwater discharge to balance Ra removal, and thus SGD can be estimated via radium mass balance model.</p>

scholarly journals Improved Approach for the Investigation of Submarine Groundwater Discharge by Means of Radon Mapping and Radon Mass Balancing

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Schubert ◽  
Petermann ◽  
Stollberg ◽  
Gebel ◽  
Scholten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Submarine Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Groundwater Discharge ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Hydrogeological Model ◽  
Fresh Groundwater ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Submarine Groundwater ◽  
Mass Balancing

The paper presents an improved approach for investigating submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) based on radon mapping and radon mass balancing in the coastal sea. While the use of radon as an environmental tracer in SGD studies is well-established, we identified based on our longstanding experience six methodical shortcomings of the conventional approach and suggest corresponding developments. The shortcomings include: (1 and 2) inadequate consideration of both detection equipment response delay and influence of tidal stage; (3 and 4) incorrect quantification of radon losses, due to offshore mixing and degassing resulting in a potentially incorrect radon mass balance; (5) inaccurate determination of the terrestrial groundwater endmember, due to inhomogeneous radon distribution in the coastal aquifer; and (6) difficulties in distinguishing between discharged fresh groundwater and recirculated seawater. The improved approach is practically demonstrated in a step by step manner in a large-scale field study, which was carried out in False Bay (South Africa) and which consisted of two parts, namely (i) qualitative SGD localization along the entire False Bay coastline based on coastal radon distribution patterns and (ii) quantitative SGD investigation within a defined coastal area of interest (AOI) based on a radon mass balance (RMB). The plausibility of the AOI related results was evaluated by a hydrogeological model, used for qualitative SGD localization, and a hydrological model, applied for estimating groundwater recharge within the AOI catchment.

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