A numerical analysis of the thermoelectric state of the Acheson furnace was performed and the use of new thermal insulation of blanks that are graphitized was proposed. The expediency of using a single-component heat-insulating charge as thermal insulation is shown. In this case, in comparison with the use of a traditional multicomponent synthetic mixture, not only a decrease in the temperature of the blanks is observed, but also a significant equalization of temperature along the axis of the blanks. Based on the results of measuring the thermophysical properties and numerical simulation of temperature fields in the volume of the Acheson graphitizing furnace, a resource-saving and environmentally efficient carbon heat-insulating mixture was selected, which consists of raw and graphite coke grains 50/50 % (wt.) up to 2 mm in size. Theoretical and experimental studies of the ecological state of kilns and graphitizing furnaces have been carried out. Based on the analysis of the obtained experimental data, the temperature and time dependences of the concentration of carbon monoxide in kilns and graphitizing furnaces are established. The main sources of carbon monoxide formation are determined: under-oxidized carbon materials, aromatic and resinous substances of binder preforms. A set of measures has been developed that can reduce the concentration of carbon monoxide emissions from furnace equipment in industrial conditions. Experimental studies were carried out to determine the temperature dependence of the concentration of carbon monoxide during heating of a multicomponent and one-component heat-insulating charge, which made it possible to establish a reduction in CO emissions by more than 20 % in the case of using the proposed one-component charge. Bibl. 17, Fig. 9, Tab. 3.
Thermal Insulation and Sound Absorption Properties of Open-Cell Polyurethane Foams Modified with Bio-Polyol Based on Used Cooking Oil
