Bacterial Cellulose (BC) was produced by Acetobacterxylinum TISTR 086 use mixing of oil palm shoot juices (OPSJ) and coconut juice (CJ) medium with or without nutrient supplemented or OPSJ was digested with α-amylase. Results showed the highest yield was obtained at OPSJ with CJ at mixing ratios of 50% (4.70±0.11 g/L) and the lowest yield was obtained at OPSJ with CJ at mixing ratios of 0% (3.54±0.11 g/L). OPSJ was digested with 1300 lU/gm at concentration enzyme 650 IU/L at 37 °C for 24 h has highest sugar concentration of 73.93±0.12 g/L. Amylase digested OPSJ mixed with coconut juice’s highest bacterial cellulose production at OPSJ with CJ at mixing ratios of 50% (4.94±0.13 g/L), respectively. Moreover, the BC obtained had molecular weight from 332,122 to 503,233 g/mol. The chemical structure of BC produced was studied using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray defections. The morphology of BC was investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Thermal property was further studied using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermogravimetic Analysis (TGA). This study obviously showed the ability of OPSJ, a suitable and cheap carbon source, to be used as a substrate in a fermentation medium for production of cellulose by Acetobacterxylinum TISTR 086.
This paper presents the results on dielectric properties of pulverized material based on agricultural waste namely oil palm frond and pineapple leaf fiber for microwave absorber application in the X-band frequency range. The investigation is started by identifying the pulverized materials permittivities and loss tangents using coaxial probe technique, followed by density measurement comprising the determination of bulk and solid densities. Then, by using dielectric mixture model, the solid particle dielectric properties were determined. It is observed that the air properties give quite an effect on the permittivity and loss tangent of the pulverized materials. It is also found that the lower the material density the higher material dielectric constant will be. Furthermore, the results show that, both oil palm frond and pineapple leaf fiber are potential to be X-band absorber with average dielectric constant of 4.40 and 3.38 respectively. The loss tangents for both materials were observed to be more than 0.1 which mark them as lossy materials.
Effect of fermentation period on bacterial cellulose production from oil palm frond (OPF) juice