Analisis Keefektifan Ekoenzim sebagai Pembersih Kandang Ayam dari Limbah Buah Jeruk (Citrus sp.)

Sanitation of the cage usually requires a sanitizer containing a powerful cleaning fluid to sterilize the cage. Materials commonly used for cage sanitation are detergent or disinfectants used to eradicate pathogenic microorganisms that cause bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms. Eco enzyme is an alternative natural cleaning agent derived from fresh fruit waste through fermentation. This study aimed to make eco enzymes for cleaning chicken coops from citrus waste, characterize the microbiological eco enzymes, and test the effectiveness of eco enzymes as chicken coop cleaners. Eco enzymes from fresh citrus waste after a 3-month fermentation period contained bacteria and fungi of 1.9 x 106CFU/ml and 8.5 x 105CFU/ml, respectively, with a pH of 3.39±0.023. The eco enzyme of cage cleaning fluid from citrus waste (Citrus sp.) can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus through confrontation tests in the laboratory. Testing the effectiveness of eco enzymes in chicken coops can reduce the number of bacteria five times more than detergents for the same area.

Lactobacillus casei-fermented milk as an inhibitor on selected foodborne pathogens

The aim of this study was to reduce the growth of vanB resistant Enterococcus faecium, vanA resistant Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus- MRSA ATCC 25923, which are foodborne pathogens that cause the death of a significant number of people every year, by the presence of Lactobacillus casei. For this purpose, the development of pathogens (104 and 106 log cfu/ml) in milk fermented with L. casei (106 log cfu/ml) was followed under in vitro conditions for 72 hours. Moreover, the generation times of each pathogen and the lactic acid content of fermented milk were determined. It was determined that the development of all pathogens could be suppressed by the presence of L. casei considering the change in generation times and the number of pathogens during the 72 hour fermentation period. This effect was greater in samples containing 104 log cfu/ml pathogen compared to samples containing 106 log cfu/ml.

Metagenomic Study on Chinese Homemade Paocai: The Effects of Raw Materials and Fermentation Periods on the Microbial Ecology and Volatile Components

“Chinese paocai” is typically made by fermenting red radish or cabbage with aged brine (6–8 w/w). This study aimed to reveal the effects of paocai raw materials on fermentation microorganisms by metagenomics sequencing technology, and on volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy, using red radish or cabbage fermented for six rounds with aged brine. The results showed that in the same fermentation period, the microbial diversity in cabbage was higher than that in red radish. Secundilactobacillus paracollinoides and Furfurilactobacillus siliginis were the characteristic bacteria in red radish paocai, whereas 15 species of characteristic microbes were found in cabbage. Thirteen kinds of VOCs were different between the two raw materials and the correlation between the microorganisms and VOCs showed that cabbage paocai had stronger correlations than radish paocai for the most significant relationship between 4-isopropylbenzyl alcohol, α-cadinol, terpinolene and isobutyl phenylacetate. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for understanding the microbiota and their relation to the characteristic flavors of the fermented paocai.

RATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES OF WHEAT BAKERY PRODUCTS WITH THE USE OF AMARANTH FLOUR

Применение рациональных технологий пшеничных хлебобулочных изделий с использованием нетрадиционного сырья – амарантовой муки, полученной из зерна амаранта, является технологическим приемом повышения эффективности хлебопекарного производства. Рассматриваемые в статье технологии с использованием амарантовой муки основаны на выборе режимов и способов тестоприготовления: опарного (на обычной густой опаре, на густой опаре с пофазным внесением соли), на жидкой опаре (с сокращением периода брожения), безопарного (с сокращением периода брожения, с применением активированных дрожжей). Внесение в состав питательной среды бродильных полуфабрикатов амарантовой муки позволяет интенсифицировать процесс тестоприготовления, улучшить степень разрыхления мучного полуфабриката и повысить вкусовые свойства готового изделия, что определяется достижением объективизации критериев адаптированности и выброженности мучной среды. Добавление амарантовой муки рекомендуется производить в случае переработки традиционной пшеничной муки с пониженными хлебопекарными свойствами, требующей применения технологических приемов и способов тестоприготовления, характерных для комплексных технологий хлебобулочных изделий. Разработанные способы производства хлеба из пшеничной муки прошли апробацию в промышленных условиях, что показало целесообразность их внедрения для повышения технологических свойств полуфабрикатов, улучшения вкусовых и иных качеств выпекаемой продукции. Стабилизация и улучшение качества хлебобулочных изделий, выработанных с использованием амарантовой муки, для каждого конкретного примера поточно-механизированной линии достигается путем подбора комплексной технологии при переработке пшеничной муки с пониженными хлебопекарными свойствами для определения соответствия выпеченной продукции нормам качества, отраженным в стандартной и технической документации. The use of rational technologies of wheat bakery products using non-traditional raw materials - amaranth flour obtained from amaranth grain, is a technological method in order to increase the efficiency of bakery production. The technologies considered in the article using amaranth flour are based on the choice of modes and methods of dough preparation: sponge (on ordinary thick dough, on thick dough with phase-by-phase salt addition), on liquid dough (with a reduction in the fermentation period), non-steam (with a reduction in the fermentation period, with using activated yeast). The addition of amaranth flour to the nutrient medium of fermenting semi-finished products allows intensifying the dough preparation process, improving the degree of loosening of the flour semi-finished product and increasing the taste properties of the finished product, which is determined by the achievement of objectification of the criteria for adaptability and fermentation of the flour medium. The addition of amaranth flour is recommended in the case of processing traditional wheat flour with reduced baking properties, requiring the use of technological methods and methods of dough preparation typical for complex technologies of bakery products. The developed methods for the production of bread from wheat flour were tested in industrial conditions, which showed the feasibility of their implementation to improve the technological properties of semi-finished products, improve the taste and other qualities of baked products.Stabilization and improvement of the quality of bakery products made using amaranth flour for each specific example of a flow-mechanized line is achieved by selecting a comprehensive technology for processing wheat flour with reduced baking properties to determine the compliance of baked products with the quality standards reflected in the standard and technical documentation.

Production of Fermented Soymilk Drink Containing Probiotic Bacillus coagulans

The aim of this study is to produce a fermented soymilk drink using Bacillus coagulans. This was performed in the Microbiology laboratory of Nnamdi Azikiwe, University. 20ml aliquots of soymilk containing Bacillus coagulans was fermented at 28°C, 37°C, 42°C and 50°C for period of 9 h. The pH of the soymilk and growth of Bacillus coagulans was checked during the fermentation period. The effect of sugar supplementation and adjustment of initial pH on soymilk fermentation was also checked. A 9-point hedonic scale was used by the sensory panelist for the sensory evaluation of the fermented soymilk. At 28°C, pH of soymilk did not decrease and cell count did not increase throughout the fermentation period. Fermentation at 37°C, 42°C and 50°C recorded decrease in pH and increase in cell count. Addition of 0.5% sucrose improved acid production and maintained a good cell count. Concentrations above 0.5% sucrose saw a slight decline in cell count. Glucose concentration of 0.5% to 2% improved acid production. Glucose concentration of 0.1% to 1% improved the growth of the probiotic cells. Concentration above 1% caused a drop in probiotic cell count. Adjustment of soymilks initial pH and addition of 0.5% glucose resulted in pH drop to 4.5 after 9h fermentation at 50°C. The fermented soymilk had moderate overall acceptability by the sensory panelist. Bacillus coagulans can be used as probiotic of choice to produce a fermented soymilk.

Effects of fermentation and drying durations on the quality of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) beans during the rainy season in the Juaboso District of the Western-North Region, Ghana

Background Postharvest treatments are crucial to the quality of cocoa finished products. This study aimed at investigating the effects of durations of fermentation and drying on the quality of cocoa (Theobroma cacao) beans during the rainy season. The study employed a 4 × 3 factorial with four fermentation durations of 5, 6, 7 and 8 days and three drying periods of 4, 5 and 6 days, resulting in a total of 12 treatment combinations, laid in a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. Bean quality data were collected on bean count/100 g, moisture content and cut test attributes including mouldy, slaty and purple, as well as percentage purity. Results The study showed that the applied fermentation and drying periods single handedly resulted in moisture content higher than the recommended, coupling 8 days fermentation with 6 days drying period resulted in a moisture content of 5.6% which falls below the acceptable standard (7.5%) recommended. Number of beans/100 g increased with increasing fermentation and drying periods. Coupling any of the fermentation periods with 5 or 6 days drying duration resulted in mould content within the acceptable grade 1 limit (3%). Longer fermentation period coupled with any of the drying durations resulted in very encouraging and minimal values of purple, while coupling 6, 7 or 8 days fermentation period with 6 days drying resulted in slaty content within the grade 1 limit (3%). Conclusion The overall effect of the treatments on the quality attributes from the cut test revealed that 8 days fermentation with the traditional leave heap method, coupled with 6 days sun drying during the rainy season, resulted in superior bean quality with a percentage purity of 98.00%.

Aerobic stability of tifton 85 silage with and without pre-drying in the sun

The objective of this study was to evaluate pH, ammoniacal nitrogen, and aerobic stability of silage of Tifton 85 grass silage with two dry matter contents at different silos opening times. The experimental design was completely randomized, in a subdivided plots scheme, in which the silages constituted the plots and aerobic exposure times the subplots, with four replications. To verify the aerobic stability of the silages, the temperature and pH were analyzed at seven hours after the silos were opened (1, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, and 144 hours). The pH reached adequate levels for conservation only after 90 days of fermentation for the silages with and without pre-drying in the sun. Ammoniacal nitrogen remained below the recommended limits in both silages. As for the silage temperature, no loss of aerobic stability was observed. However, the observed pH revealed a break instability after 72 hours when the silos were opened at 28 days, with no changes for the remaining silage periods. It is possible to obtain suitable silages from Tifton 85 with or without pre-warming in the sun, however, a minimum fermentation period of 90 days should be adopted. The studied silages presented high aerobic stability, but when kept silage for only 28 days, they should be consumed by the animals within 48 hours after the supply.

Effect of fermentation on sensory quality of Liberica coffee beans inoculated with bacteria from saliva Arctictis binturong Raffles, 1821

Wibowo NA, Mangunwardoyo W, Santoso TJ, Yasman. 2021. Effect of fermentation on sensory quality of Liberica coffee beans inoculated with bacteria from saliva Arctictis binturong Raffles, 1821. Biodiversitas 22: 3922-3928. Fermentation is one of the post-harvest steps that influence the quality of coffee. This study aims to determine the sensory quality of Liberica coffee beans cv. Liberoid Meranti (LiM) fermented using a consortium of bacteria from saliva Arctictis binturong Raffles, 1821 with varying fermentation periods. Fermentation was performed in a wet process for 0, 4, 8, 12-hours in triplicate. The parameters observed were caffeine, protein, and fat content. The sensory quality of brewed coffee was conducted refers to the standard Speciality Coffee Association (SCA). The data obtained were processed with Minitab version 16 for Windows and analyzed using ANOVA with a level of 5% and followed by a post hoc test. The results showed that coffee fermented for 0, 4, 8, 12 hours has protein content of 15.31-15.67%; 15.09-16.62%; 12.71-13.07%; 14.64-14.69%; fat content of 9.48%; 10.20%; 9.96%; 10.21%; and caffeine content of 1.05%; 0.99%; 0.96%; 1.02%, respectively. The length of the fermentation period affects significantly (p<0.05) the content of protein, fat, and caffeine. The final score of cupping test in coffee fermented for 0, 4, 8, and 12 h were 77.63; 78.13; 82; and 80.25, respectively. A fermentation period of 8 and 12 hours improve the flavor score that categorized fermented Liberica coffee as specialty coffee (8.00 - <9.00 = superior).