Four-Year Screening Interval and Vision-Threatening Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Patients With Good Glycemic Control

Abstract Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with hyperglycemia for a long period are significant causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Studying the predictors of glycemic control helps to minimize deaths and the development of acute and chronic diabetes complication. Hence, this study aims to assess predictors of glycemic control among patients with Type 2 diabetes in Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients enrolled between December 2011 and December 2012 at Debre Markos and Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital. A total of 191 T2DM patients were included in the study meets the eligibility criteria. A generalized linear mixed model was employed. Results: The prevalence of good glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients was 58.4% whereas 23.25% of the variation was explained in the fitted model due to adding the random effects. The significance predictors of glycemic control among patients with Type 2 diabetes at 95% confidence level were reside in rural(0.454, 0.614)), patients age 38-50, 51-59 and 60-66 years(1.267,1.776), (1.057,1.476) and (1.004, 1.403), respectively, Proteinuria Positive (1.211, 1.546), diastolic blood pressure ≥90 (1.101, 1.522), systolic blood pressure ≥140 (1.352, 1.895), creatinine (0.415, 0.660), duration per visit (0.913, 0.987), duration since diagnosis (0.985, 0.998), weight 78-88(0.603, 0.881).Conclusion: The level of glycemic control among type 2 diabetes patients was poor. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients having higher age of the patient, higher weight, reside in rural, longer duration of T2DM since diagnosis, longer duration of type 2DM per visit, increase creatinine, positive protein urea, diastolic blood pressure≥90, and systolic blood pressure≥140 were significant predictors of poor glycemic control among type 2 DM patients. During diabetic patients follow up, clinicians should give appropriate attention to these significant variables for good glycemic control since it is the main goal of diabetes management.

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Association between Macronutrient Intake Pattern, Glycemic Status and Use of Antidiabetic Drugs among Type 2 Diabetes Patients

The Indian Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics ◽

10.21048/ijnd.2019.56.4.23726 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 56 (4) ◽

pp. 412

Author(s):

Martil Chacko ◽

Khyrunnisa Begum

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Dual Therapy ◽

Serum Glucose ◽

Macronutrient Intake ◽

Glycemic Status ◽

Good Glycemic Control ◽

Diabetes Patients

The study was aimed to assess the macronutrient intake pattern and its association to glycemic status and drug intake pattern of type 2 diabetes patients. Forty five subjects (25 males and 20 females) aged between 30 and 60 years, diagnosed with diabetes for less than 3 years were enrolled into the study. Based on Oral Anti-Diabetic drugs (OAD) treatment, they were grouped as those on mono-therapy (GpI, n=21) and dual therapy (GpII, n=25). Information about drugs profile, macronutrient intake (3 days diet recall reported as % equivalent of energy) and serum glucose profile were obtained at baseline and a 6th month follow up. Mean CHO, protein and fat intakes were 65.4±4.84, 12.6±1.26 and 22.0±4.7 % of total energy at baseline and remained essentially similar at 6th month. Patients who had controlled glycemic status (HbA1C ≤ 7 %) consumed 63.4±2.70 % CHO which was significantly (P<0.05) lower than those with not-controlled glycemic status (HbA1C >7 %) during both the assessment periods. Also, mean protein intake was higher and fat intake was lower among patients with good glycemic control. Significantly a higher proportion of (P<0.05) patients consuming CHO > 65 % were on dual therapy. A diet with lower carbohydrates and fat but high protein exerted good glycemic control. Number of OADs and their dosages were significantly associated to CHO intakes. Since Indian diets are predominantly carbohydrate rich, it calls for a careful management of diet among Type 2 diabetes patients

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A gender wise correlation analysis between glycated hemoglobin level and estimated glomerular filtration rate among type 2 diabetes patients

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20212856 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 1131

Author(s):

Chalissery Ouseph Leena ◽

Thekkuttuparambil Ananthanarayanan Ajith ◽

Mulavagili Vijayasimha ◽

Ashok Kumar Sah

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Hba1c Level ◽

Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽

Inverse Correlation ◽

Good Glycemic Control ◽

Male And Female ◽

Female Patients ◽

Diabetes Patients

Background: Studies found inconsistent relationship between glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in diabetes. Hence, population based studies are warranted. This study was aimed to find out the prevalence of good glycemic control and correlation of HbA1c level with eGFR in male and female type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: A cross sectional study was designed among type 2 diabetes patients. Medical records of patients’ in the inclusion criteria were abstracted for demographic characteristics, HbA1c and serum creatinine level. Patients were grouped into male and female and further sub grouped as with or without good glycemic control (HbA1c ≤ 7%). Data were statistically analyzed.Results: A total of 465 diabetes patients (186 males and 279 females) were included. Among the total, more female patients were in good glycemic (p=0.0008) control. Gender wise comparison showed that HbA1c level was statistically significant between male and female patients in age groups below 60 years (p<0.05). HbA1c level, at >7%, showed an inverse correlation with eGFR in both male (r=- 0.3208, p=0.0008) and female patients (r =-0.3680, p<0.0001). For every 1% rise in HbA1c, eGFR declined by 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 in males and 13 ml/min/1.73 m2 in females.Conclusions: More female patients were in good glycemic control. HbA1c level above 7% showed an inverse correlation with eGFR in both male and female patients. For every 1% rise in HbA1c, the eGFR declined by 10 ml/min/1.73 m2 in male and 13 ml/min/1.73 m2 in female patients.

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Does glycemic control affect benefits of scaling and root planing in type 2 diabetes patients?

10.26226/morressier.5ac383272afeeb00097a42ec ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Christiane Pink

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Scaling And Root Planing ◽

Root Planing ◽

Diabetes Patients

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Vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes population

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.1515/biol-2021-0050 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 464-474

Author(s):

Sushant Pokhrel ◽

Nisha Giri ◽

Rakesh Pokhrel ◽

Bashu Dev Pardhe ◽

Anit Lamichhane ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

High Density Lipoprotein ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Poor Glycemic Control ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Good Glycemic Control

Abstract This study aims to assess vitamin D deficiency-induced dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in poor glycemic control among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This study was carried out among 455 T2DM patients involving poor glycemic control (n = 247) and good glycemic control (n = 208). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and HbA1c were measured to assess glycemic control. Cardiac risk ratio, atherogenic index plasma, and atherogenic coefficient were calculated to assess and compare the CVD risk in different groups. Patients with poor control had a significantly higher level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and non-high-density lipoprotein lipase cholesterol (non-HDL-C), atherogenic variables, and lower level of high-density lipoprotein lipase cholesterol (HDL-C) as compared to patients with good glycemic control. We also observed significant negative correlation of vitamin D with lipid markers and atherogenic variables in poor glycemic control diabetic population. The serum vitamin D levels were inversely associated with HbA1c, FPG, TG, TC, and non-HDL-C. Furthermore, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and elevated non-HDL-C were the independent risks in hypovitaminosis D population. Vitamin D deficiency in poor glycemic control is likely to develop dyslipidemia as compared to vitamin D insufficient and sufficient groups. Thus, vitamin D supplementation and an increase in exposure to sunlight may reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in diabetes.

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