Dietary Counselling Using Nutrition Care Process Pathway in Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy and/or Radiotherapy Improves Nutritional Status, Quality of Life and Patient Experience Compared with Standard Practice - A Randomized Controlled Single Cen

<p>To determine the impact of Intensive Dietary Counselling (IDC) using Nutrition Care Process (NCP) pathway compared with standard practice (general nutrition advice of foods taken ad libitum) on nutritional status and Quality of Life (QoL) in patients receiving chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The patient satisfaction with the IDC model was assessed. This prospective, randomized, controlled trial included 150 adult patients undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy at Cytecare Cancer Hospitals, Bengaluru. Patients were randomized to receive either dietary counselling using NCP pathway (n=80) or standard practice (n=70). Outcome measures were QoL assessed using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire C-30 and nutritional status was assessed using Subjective Global Assessment at baseline and after 12 weeks of starting treatment. Patient experience was recorded using organizational patient satisfaction survey tool. The dietary counselling group showed improved QoL compared with the standard practice group at the end of 12 weeks of starting treatment (p&lt;0.01). The body weight and nutritional status significantly improved in the group that received dietary counselling using the NCP pathway compared with standard practice (p&lt;0.01). The dietary counselling group also reported higher patient satisfaction with the nutrition intervention compared with standard practice. Dietary counselling following the nutrition care process pathway result in significant difference in the QoL and nutritional status compared with standard practice in patients undergoing cancer treatment. Nutrition intervention using this model also increased the patient experience.</p>

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet and its Effect on Obesity among Healthy Saudi Adults

<p>Obesity is considered as a global burden disease and its prevalence is increased worldwide. Physical inactivity and excessive calorie consumption are associated with increased obesity risk. Therefore, strategies for losing weight involved increased physical activity and reduced calorie and macronutrient diet. Also, recent studies showed that higher adherence to Mediterranean diet is associated with lower risk of obesity. This study investigated association between adherence to Mediterranean diet and obesity among healthy Saudi adults. The sample size of 127 participants (50 men and 77 women) from Jeddah city with mean age 38.2 ± 13.3 years and Body Mass Index (BMI) 26.5 ± 5.2. Adherence to Mediterranean Diet (Med-diet) was measured using a validated 14-item questionnaire of Mediterranean diet adherence. Independent t-test was used to examine significant differences between groups. Results showed that lower adherence to Med-diet among the participants was with mean 5.7 ± 1.9. The analysis of 14-item Med-diet questionnaire showed that around 45% of participants used olive oil in cooking and only 35% of participants consumed more than 4 tablespoons of olive oil daily. The consumption from vegetable, fruit and fish was below recommendation from Med-diet, however, the consumption of red meat was high. Individuals with great adherence to Med-diet had lower BMI, however, values were not statistically significant compared to lower adherence to Med-diet. In conclusion, study showed lower adherence to Med-diet among Saudis and adherence to Med-diet was not associated with reduced risk of obesity.</p>

Knowledge of Diet and Lifestyle Measures for Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy

<p> Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy (HDP) pose significant risks to materno-fetal health. Appropriate knowledge of the condition ensures timely intervention. Dietary and lifestyle recommendations in HDP differ from those in the non-pregnant population. Salt restriction is not recommended and physical activity may be contraindicated. The aim of the study is to identify the knowledge of pregnant hypertensive Indian women about normal blood pressure in pregnancy, warning signs and complications of HDP and control measures. A cross sectional study was conducted in maternity centres using purposive convenience sampling and a structured questionnaire. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. One hundred women completed the study. Sixty three per cent knew what constituted high blood pressure, 56% and 60% had a knowledge score of ≤ 50% for warning signs and complications of high blood pressure respectively. When questioned about control measures, women believed that dietary modifications (88%), physical activity (84%), bed rest (51%) and weight loss (44%) were important. With respect to knowledge of salt intake recommendations, 39% correctly identified the daily recommendation, 93% believed salt reduction is necessary and 21% believed salt elimination is required. Thirty nine per cent of women stated high calcium foods are beneficial for control. Post diagnosis, 80% and 38% reported salt reduction and use of low sodium salt, respectively. Traditional home remedies cited included bananas, spinach, curry leaf, garlic, barley water, flax seeds and beetroot. In adequate awareness of HDP may delay necessary medical interventions. Misconceptions regarding salt restriction need to be addressed to prevent iodine deficiency disorders. Counseling regarding a healthy diet for HDP and risks associated with excess physical activity and strict bed rest need to be communicated more effectively.</p>

Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) - A Food Additive

<p>Monosodium glutamate (MSG) also known as glutamic acid is a non essential amino acid used as a flavor enhancer worldwide. MSG is found naturally in tomatoes, grapes, cheese, mushrooms and other foods. It is one of the most widely used food additive in commercial foods. Monosodium glutamate is believed to be associated with different health problems <em>viz</em>., obesity, asthma, metabolic disorders, Chinese restaurant syndrome, neurotoxic effects and detrimental effects on the reproductive organs. Literature showed MSG was associated with adverse side-effects particularly in animals including induction of obesity, diabetes, hepatotoxic, neurotoxic and genotoxic effects. Literature showed that increased consumption of monosodium glutamate may be associated with harmful health effects. Further Intensive research is required to explore monosodium glutamate–related molecular and metabolic mechanisms.</p>

Technologies in Food Processing

No Abstract.

Physico Chemical Properties of Chocolates and its Variability with Process Conditions

Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L) is the only source of fashionable delicacy “Chocolate”. However, reduction in quality of processed beans due to accumulation of free fatty acid is a major problem. It is expected that the free fatty acid content must be less than 1.75 % in dry cocoa beans and chocolates. The small scale processors can not reach to the standards of chocolates of multinational companies. The study standardised a protocol for time (7, 9 and 11 hours) and temperature (600C and 700C) of tempering and conching in chocolate making. The physico chemical analysis and sensory evaluation of the chocolates were carried out. Tempering and conching influenced the textural properties like hardness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness and gumminess of chocolates. The energy content of 579.04 and 579.82 kcal was recorded in chocolates prepared at 600C and 700C for 11 hours. The protein content of alkalised and non alkalised chocolates varied between 7.30 and 10.45 g/100 g. The polyphenol content was 21 mg/100 g and 23 mg/100 g in alkalised and non alkalised chocolates. The lowest free fatty acid content in alkalised and non alkalised chocolates was 1.67% and 1.68% prepared at 700C for 11 hours. There was highest total score for sensory evaluation also for the chocolate prepared at 700C for 11 hours.

Nutritional Evaluation of Biscuits Developed from Quality Protein Maize

<p>Malnutrition is one of the causes of triple burden on the nation. It is decreasing in South Asian countries but still almost 83 million are suffering¹. To combat the condition of malnutrition, bio-fortified crops are being developed. One of the crops which were developed is quality protein maize; maize with better biological value and balanced amino acid profile which helped in increasing the absorption of other vitamin A, calcium and carbohydrate 2. In this background, the present study was planned with an objective to develop biscuits with optimum sensory and nutritional attributes which can help in impeding malnutrition. The biscuits were subjected to organoleptic evaluation by the panel of 10 semi-trained judges. A 9- point hedonic scale was used for evaluating sensory attributes of the developed biscuits. There was insignificant difference between overall acceptability score of the developed biscuits but was highest for the biscuits developed from quality protein maize. The quality protein maize containing biscuits had high protein (8.11 g/100 g), ash (1.46 g/100 g), lysine (3.66 g/100 g protein), methionine (1.66 g/100 g protein), tryptophan (0.84 g/100 g protein), linoleic (25.57%), linolenic acid (1.66%) and in vitro protein (81.92%) and starch digestibility (53.18%) acceptability in comparison to wheat biscuits. Thus, incorporation of quality protein maize in the development of bakery products helped in improving the nutrient contents and thus is a good alternative to be used during feeding trial.</p>

Dual Nutrition Burden in Urban Women from Low Middle Income Families

<p> Currently India is experiencing dual nutrition burden. Prevalence of both under and over nutrition is reported to be higher in women as compared to men. Over nutrition rates in Delhi are among the highest in India. A mixed longitudinal study was undertaken to assess nutritional status of urban women from low middle income families. Between January 2015 and December 2017, 4155 non-pregnant non-lactating women were enrolled for this observational study. These women belonged to food secure low middle income families. They were living in highly congested urban localities in one or two room tenements and had no access to public spaces where they could go for walk or discretionary physical activities. In all women, height was measured at enrolment. Efforts were made to measure weight, mid upper arm, waist and hip circumferences once in three months. Prevalence of under nutrition (BMI &lt; 18.5) in the 18-29 years age group was 12.1%, but 33.9% had BMI of ≥25. There was a progressive increase in over-nutrition, high waist and hip circumferences with increasing age; 68.4% of women aged 50 years and above were over-nourished. None of the undernourished women had waist circumference ≥ 80 cm; among the normally nourished 8.5% and in the over-nourished women 3/4th had waist circumference above 80cm. Hip circumference showed a similar trend but prevalence of ≥ 102 cm was lower. Prevalence of over nutrition, truncal and abdominal adiposity was high in women from Delhi low middle income families.</p>

Novel Approaches for Dietary Phosphorus Management in Chronic Kidney Disease

<p>Conventional approaches to alleviating hyperphosphatemia in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) include dietary phosphorus restriction and use of phosphate binders. These approaches are, however not enough to control hyperphosphatemia and hence the need for novel nutritional approaches arises. Dietary phosphorus, protein and phytate values of some common food ingredients were obtained. Phosphates to protein ratio and net phosphorus absorption from the gut were reported on the basis of the phytate content of these ingredients. Among some common Indian food ingredients, phosphate to protein ratio was high in cereals, millets and dairy products. However due to presence of high amount of phytate, the net absorption of phosphate was lower from plant based sources of phosphorus as compared to animal based sources. It can be concluded that phosphorus to protein ratio is a metric which helps to ensure dietary phosphorus restriction with sufficient intake of proteins. Tables providing phosphorus to protein ratio along with phytate and per cent absorption may prove to be beneficial in achieving desired target levels of phosphorus for renal dieticians in case of CKD patients with hyperphosphatemia.</p>

Effect of Multigrain Supplement on Improving Haemoglobin Level among Anemic Pregnant Women of Below Poverty Line

<p>Anemia during pregnancy is a global public health challenge facing the world today. It is one of the potentially lethal complications of pregnancy leading to large number of maternal and foetal losses but it is preventable and curable. The study was aimed to screen and identify the pregnant women of first trimester (10-12 weeks) who are having iron deficiency anemia and to evaluate the effectiveness of multigrain supplement (malt powder) among the pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia in improving the level of haemoglobin. This descriptive study was conducted among pregnant women of age group (18-30 years) residing in rural place Kanamadagu of Kudligi taluk. Sixety of them were randomly selected based on Haemoglobin (Hb) level &lt;10 gm/dL and interviewed with help of self-structured questionnaire tool. Collected data was analyzed for descriptive and inferential statistics. The overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 99.5% and about three fourth of subjects were falling within the mild (10-11 gm/dL) category of anemia. Most significant raise in Hb level found to be in 4^th week compared to intermediated weeks of malt consumption. Use of multigrain supplement was found to be the most effective way to overcome anemia i.e. from mild to normal range Hb level.</p>