Impact of vaccination on the molecular epidemiology and evolution of group A rotaviruses in Latin America and factors affecting vaccine efficacy

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 106-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filemón Bucardo ◽  
Johan Nordgren
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Vaccine Efficacy ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Rotavirus Strains in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children in Manhiça District, Southern Mozambique 2008–2019

Viruses ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Filomena Manjate ◽  
Eva D. João ◽  
Percina Chirinda ◽  
Marcelino Garrine ◽  
Delfino Vubil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccine ◽  
Severe Diarrhoea ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Asymptomatic Children ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Group A rotaviruses remain the leading cause of diarrhoea in children aged <5 years. Mozambique introduced rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix®) in September 2015. We report rotavirus genotypes circulating among symptomatic and asymptomatic children in Manhiça District, Mozambique, pre- and post-vaccine introduction. Stool was collected from enrolled children and screened for rotavirus by enzyme-immuno-sorbent assay. Positive specimens were genotyped for VP7 (G genotypes) and VP4 (P genotypes) by the conventional reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The combination G12P[8] was more frequently observed in pre-vaccine than in post-vaccine introduction, in moderate to severe diarrhoea (34%, 61/177 vs. 0, p < 0.0001) and controls (23%, 26/113 vs. 0, p = 0.0013) and mixed genotypes (36%, 24/67 vs. 7% 4/58, p = 0.0003) in less severe diarrhoea. We observed changes in post-vaccine compared to pre-vaccine introduction, where G3P[4] and G3P[8] were prevalent in moderate to severe diarrhoea (10%, 5/49 vs. 0, p = 0.0002; and 14%, 7/49 vs. 1%, 1/177, p < 0.0001; respectively), and in less severe diarrhoea (21%, 12/58 vs. 0, p = 0.003; and 24%, 14/58 vs. 0, p < 0.0001; respectively). Our surveillance demonstrated the circulation of similar genotypes contemporaneously among cases and controls, as well as switching from pre- to post-vaccine introduction. Continuous surveillance is needed to evaluate the dynamics of the changes in genotypes following vaccine introduction.

Rotavirus electropherotypes in Malaysian children

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 996-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Yap ◽  
Y. H. Wong ◽  
C. M. Khor ◽  
Y. E. Ooi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Migration Patterns ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Short Pattern ◽  
Predominant Strain

A 12-month study was carried out on the molecular epidemiology of rotavirus in urban and suburban Malaysian children. Analysis of faecal samples from 973 hospitalized diarrhoeic children by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis detected 268 rotaviruses (28%). All isolates were group A rotaviruses, which produced 22 electropherotypes: 16 (91.5%) with long RNA migration patterns and 6 (8.5%) with short patterns. One of the long-pattern electropherotypes was the predominant strain (71.1% of the total electropherotypes) isolated during this study. Although 3 other strains were detected sporadically over the study period, 16 others were present only during the first 7 months and 2 others were confined to the last 5 months. Long- and short-pattern electropherotypes were found to co-circulate extensively. There was a significant association of short-pattern electropherotypes with infection in older children. In addition, the prevalence of vomiting and mean duration of diarrhoea were significantly associated with different electropherotypes. Key words: rotavirus electropherotypes.

scholarly journals Rotaviruses and Rotavirus Vaccines

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 959
Author(s):  
Celeste M. Donato ◽  
Julie E. Bines
Keyword(s):  
Capsid Proteins ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Rotavirus Vaccines ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Outer Capsid

Group A rotaviruses belong to the Reoviridae virus family and are classified into G and P genotypes based on the outer capsid proteins VP7 and VP4, respectively [...]

scholarly journals Molecular Epidemiology of Group A Streptococcus Infections in The Gambia

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Sona Jabang ◽  
Annette Erhart ◽  
Saffiatou Darboe ◽  
Aru-Kumba Baldeh ◽  
Valerie Delforge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The Gambia ◽  
Strain Diversity ◽  
Group A ◽  
Considerable Strain

Molecular epidemiological data on Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection in Africa is scarce. We characterized the emm-types and emm-clusters of 433 stored clinical GAS isolates from The Gambia collected between 2004 and 2018. To reduce the potential for strain mistyping, we used a newly published primer for emm-typing. There was considerable strain diversity, highlighting the need for vaccine development offering broad strain protection.

scholarly journals A Survey of G6 and G10 Serotypes of Group a Bovine Rotaviruses from Diarrheic Beef and Dairy Calves using Monoclonal Antibodies in ELISA

1994 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lucchelli ◽  
S. Y. Kang ◽  
M. K. Jayasekera ◽  
A. V. Parwani ◽  
D. H. Zeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
South Dakota ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Positive Stool ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Beef Herds ◽  
Group A

Group A bovine rotaviruses (BRV) have been identified worldwide as a major cause of diarrhea in the young of many species, including humans. Group A rotaviruses are classified into serotypes on the basis of the outer capsid proteins, VP7 (G types) and VP4 (P types). To date, there are 14 G types of group A rotaviruses, with G1, G6, G8, and G10 described for BRV isolates. In this study, G6- and G lo-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the G typing of BRV-positive stool samples from diarrheic beef and dairy calves from South Dakota, Ohio, Michigan, Nebraska, and Washington, USA, and Ontario, Canada. ELISA plates were coated using a broadly reactive VP7 MAb (Common 60) or with G6- or G10-specific MAbs. BRV-positive fecal samples were diluted and added to duplicate wells, followed by the addition of polyclonal guinea pig anti-group A rotavirus serum as the secondary antibody. Several reference G6 and G10 BRV strains as well as other G types previously reported in cattle (G1, G2, G3, G8) and BRV-negative samples were included as G type specificity and negative controls. From a total of 308 field samples analyzed, 79% (244/308) tested positive by the broadly reactive VP7 MAb; of these, 54% (131/244) were G6 positive, 14% (35/244) were G10 positive, 4% (9/244) were both G6 and G10 positive, and 28% (69/244) were G6 and G10 negative. The negative samples may represent additional or undefined serotypes. The 89 samples from South Dakota were further subdivided into samples from beef ( n = 43) or dairy ( n = 46) herds. G6 was more prevalent in beef herd samples (67%) than in dairy herd samples (47.5%). In addition, dairy herds had higher percentages of G10-positive samples (17.5%) G6-G10 double positives (10%), and untypable samples (25%) than did beef herds, in which the prevalence of G10 positive samples was 5.5%, G6-G10 double positives was 5.5%, and untypable samples was 22%. Application of the serotype ELISA for the analysis of additional BRV samples will provide further epidemiologic data on the distribution of BRV serotypes in beef or dairy cattle, an important consideration for the development of improved BRV vaccines.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Mean Platelet Volume and Red Cell Distribution Width in FMF: Are They Related to Subclinical Inflammation or Not?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gozde Yildirim Cetin ◽  
Ozlem Gul ◽  
Fatma Kesici-Metin ◽  
İrem Gokalp ◽  
Mehmet Sayarlıoglu
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Subclinical Inflammation ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Group A

In this paper we want to demonstrate whether higher than normal levels of RDW, and lower than normal levels of MPV can be used as indicators of subclinical inflammation and tools for treatment decision in FMF or not. The participants in this study included 89 patients with FMF during attack-free periods and 30 healthy controls. The RDW and platelet counts were significantly higher, while the MPV was significantly lower in the patients with FMF group than healthy control group (P<0.001;P=0.005;P<0.001, resp.). In the attack-free FMF group, a negative correlation was found between the MPV and RDW values (P<0.001,r=-0.40). The positive correlation was found between the RDW and ESR (r=0.23,P=0.028). And the negative correlation was found between the MPV and CRP (r=-0.216,P=0.042). Consequently, our results suggest that low MPV and high RDW levels may provide additional information about subclinical inflammation in FMF patients. But other strong predisposing factors affecting subclinical inflammation in FMF should be considered. Further studies with large numbers of patients are needed. Treatment of FMF should include not only prevention of acute attacks but also decreasing of the subclinical inflammation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document