scholarly journals Potentiation of immunological tolerance induction in adult mice by co-administration of pooled normal IgG and oral tolerogens: a potential therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases

2005 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 978-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Mengel ◽  
Patrı́cia Fávaro ◽  
André Meyer ◽  
Vinı́cius Motta ◽  
Raquel de Alencar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Adult Mice

Biocompatible Nanovesicular Drug Delivery Systems with Targeting Potential for Autoimmune Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (42) ◽  
pp. 5488-5502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yub Raj Neupane ◽  
Asiya Mahtab ◽  
Lubna Siddiqui ◽  
Archu Singh ◽  
Namrata Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Autoimmune Response ◽  
Treatment Modalities

Autoimmune diseases are collectively addressed as chronic conditions initiated by the loss of one’s immunological tolerance, where the body treats its own cells as foreigners or self-antigens. These hay-wired antibodies or immunologically capable cells lead to a variety of disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis and recently included neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinsonism and testicular cancer triggered T-cells induced autoimmune response in testes and brain. Conventional treatments for autoimmune diseases possess several downsides due to unfavourable pharmacokinetic behaviour of drug, reflected by low bioavailability, rapid clearance, offsite toxicity, restricted targeting ability and poor therapeutic outcomes. Novel nanovesicular drug delivery systems including liposomes, niosomes, proniosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes, ufasomes and biologically originated exosomes have proved to possess alluring prospects in supporting the combat against autoimmune diseases. These nanovesicles have revitalized available treatment modalities as they are biocompatible, biodegradable, less immunogenic and capable of carrying high drug payloads to deliver both hydrophilic as well as lipophilic drugs to specific sites via passive or active targeting. Due to their unique surface chemistry, they can be decorated with physiological or synthetic ligands to target specific receptors overexpressed in different autoimmune diseases and can even cross the blood-brain barrier. This review presents exhaustive yet concise information on the potential of various nanovesicular systems as drug carriers in improving the overall therapeutic efficiency of the dosage regimen for various autoimmune diseases. The role of endogenous exosomes as biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of autoimmune diseases along with monitoring progress of treatment will also be highlighted.

scholarly journals IgA Vasculitis: Etiology, Treatment, Biomarkers and Epigenetic Changes

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 7538
Author(s):  
Hitomi Sugino ◽  
Yu Sawada ◽  
Motonobu Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Iga Vasculitis ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Flexible Response

IgA, previously called Henoch-Schönlein vasculitis, is an essential immune component that drives the host immune response to the external environment. As IgA has the unique characteristic of a flexible response to broad types of microorganisms, it sometimes causes an autoreactive response in the host human body. IgA vasculitis and related organ dysfunction are representative IgA-mediated autoimmune diseases; bacterial and viral infections often trigger IgA vasculitis. Recent drug developments and the presence of COVID-19 have revealed that these agents can also trigger IgA vasculitis. These findings provide a novel understanding of the pathogenesis of IgA vasculitis. In this review, we focus on the characteristics of IgA and symptoms of IgA vasculitis and other organ dysfunction. We also mention the therapeutic approach, biomarkers, novel triggers for IgA vasculitis, and epigenetic modifications in patients with IgA vasculitis.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE-INDUCED TOLERANCE TO SHEEP ERYTHROCYTES

1967 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan C. Aisenberg
Keyword(s):  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Deoxyribonucleic Acid Synthesis ◽  
Isotopic Methods ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Immunological Suppression ◽  
Induced Tolerance

Complete immunological tolerance to sheep cells can be induced in mice when cyclophosphamide is injected together with sheep cells or up to 72 hr before or 48 hr after the antigen. As is true for radiation-induced immune suppression, the drug is most effective when given in the 24 hr prior to antigen. Complete cyclophosphamide-induced immunological suppression requires large doses of sheep cells (6.2 x 109 cells), presumably to enable antigen to reach sequestered receptor sites. The cyclophosphamide tolerance system has been analyzed with the Jerne technique to determine plaque-forming cells and with isotopic methods to measure rates of nucleic acid synthesis. This drug suppression has been found to consist of two components. The first is nonspecific injury to the lymphoid system caused by the cytotoxic drug and is related to the proportion of spleen cells killed. The second is antigen-specific immunological tolerance and appears to correlate with profound depression of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis in the surviving cells. This tolerance is thought to be most consistent with a mechanism in which antigenic stimulation in the presence of cyclophosphamide-inhibited DNA synthesis and mitosis leads to the elimination or death of the specific immunological clone. Tolerance induction with cyclophosphamide is associated with loss of the 19S hemolysin plaques which are seen in nonstimulated mouse spleen, implicating these cells in immune responsiveness. The ability to induce tolerance is lost on the 3rd postantigen day at the end of a 24-hr period in which 19S cells have increased 8-fold and 7S cells 200-fold. The data suggest that loss of sensitivity is due to the emergence on day 3 of drug-resistant plaque-forming cells, particularly those of the 19S variety. In the succeeding days after antigen injection there is a progressive increase in the resistance of plaque-forming cells to cyclophosphamide administration.

scholarly journals Special Issue: Autoimmune Disease Genetics

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1937
Author(s):  
Malgorzata Gabriela Wasniewska ◽  
Artur Bossowski
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are characterized by a multifactorial etiology, in which genetic and environmental factors are responsible for the loss of immunological tolerance [...]

scholarly journals Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator, fingolimod (FTY720), provides a new therapeutic approach for autoimmune diseases

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Chiba ◽  
Hirotoshi Kataoka ◽  
Yasuhiro Maeda ◽  
Noriyasu Seki ◽  
Kunio Sugahara
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Receptor Modulator ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate

Innowacyjna metoda prowadzenia ITI za pomocą preparatu czynnika VIII z frakcją Fc u pacjentów z hemofilią A z obecnością inhibitora czynnika VIII – przegląd literaturowy

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Trzaska ◽  
Marek Karwacki ◽  
Paweł Łaguna ◽  
Michał Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
Factor Viii ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Therapeutic Benefit ◽  
High Titre ◽  
Haemophilia A ◽  
Severe Haemophilia ◽  
First Time

Eradication of factor VIII inhibitors using Immune tolerance induction (ITI) treatment is the standard of care for severe haemophilia A patients presenting with factor VIII inhibitors, but is not always effective. A description of the potential immunological tolerance effect of the IgG Fc domain of recombinant factor VIII Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc), as well as published experience with rFVIIIFc for ITI in patients with severe haemophilia A and high-titre inhibitors. Review of published literature describing cases of ITI with rFVIIIFc in patients with severe haemophilia A and high-titre inhibitors between November 2015 and June 2018. Four publications has been found. Of 56 patients with haemophilia A who presented with FVIII inhibitors, 28 achieved a negative Bethesda titre (< 0.6) after ITI treatment using rFVIIIFc. Additional patients continued on rFVIIIFc ITI at the time of publication, while a few were reported to have switched to bypass therapy alone or other factors . For those still undergoing ITI, longer follow-up is needed to determine final outcomes. No adverse events were reported. Based on literature review, preliminary evidence of FVIIIFc use in high risk, first-time ITI suggests rapid time to tolerization. For rescue ITI, rFVIIIFc showed therapeutic benefit in some patients who previously failed ITI. These findings give hope but highlight the need for further evaluation in ongoing clinical trials.

Partial Immunological Tolerance Induction with Extracorporeal Photopheresis

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. S261
Author(s):  
Aleksei Zulkarnaev ◽  
Andrey Vatazin ◽  
Alexander Kildushevsky ◽  
Veronika Fedulkina ◽  
Alexander Faenko
Keyword(s):  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Extracorporeal Photopheresis

Oral Induction of Immunological Tolerance to Chromium in the Guinea Pig

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 1634-1639 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J.J. Vreeburg ◽  
I.M.W. Van Hoogstraten ◽  
B.M.E. Von Blomberg ◽  
K. De Groot ◽  
R.J. Scheper
Keyword(s):  
Skin Testing ◽  
Tolerance Induction ◽  
Immunological Tolerance ◽  
Metal Alloys ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Dose Frequency ◽  
Chromium Powder ◽  
Adverse Side Effects ◽  
Skin Contact

Metal alloys used in dentistry may elicit adverse side-effects. Contact allergic reactions to metals released from such alloys are among the most frequently encountered problems. In an earlier study, we observed that oral contacts with nickel or chromium salts did not sensitize, but rather decreased the risk of subsequent sensitization to these metals. In the present study, we focused on chromium allergy and extended our earlier observations by further dose-response studies. In addition, we compared different chromium valencies as to their potential oral tolerogenic effects. Development of immunological tolerance in chromium-fed guinea pigs was demonstrated by their inability to develop chromium hypersensitivity after a subsequent immunization attempt. For these studies, the techniques of immunization and skin testing were first improved. One feeding with a high dose of K2Cr2O7, (containing hexavalent chromium) was effective in full tolerance induction. In contrast, trivalent chromium (CrCl3) induced a distinctly lower degree of tolerance, whereas metallic chromium powder was not detectably tolerogenic after a limited number of feedings. Dose-frequency-response studies with K2Cr2O 7, showed that full tolerance could also be induced by an increase in the number of feedings with sub-optimal tolerogenic doses. The present results therefore support our hypothesis that long-lasting oral contact with chromium-releasing metal alloys may ultimately result in strong immune tolerance to this metal in subjects without previous skin contact with it. This view is further supported by recent insights into the unique tolerogenicity of oral, as compared with gastro-intestinal, allergenic contacts.

scholarly journals Restricted leptin antagonism as a therapeutic approach to treatment of autoimmune diseases

HORMONES ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Babaei ◽  
Sayyed Hamid Zarkesh-Esfahani ◽  
Ehsan Bahrami ◽  
Richard Ross
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Approach
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