Roles of initial bacterial attachment and growth in the biofouling development on the microfiltration membrane: From viewpoints of individual cell and interfacial interaction energy

2021 ◽  
pp. 119723
Author(s):  
Zi Song ◽  
Songwen Yang ◽  
Pu Li ◽  
Jinxu Sun ◽  
Dingyu Xing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Energy ◽  
Individual Cell ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Microfiltration Membrane

Coupling of the seasonal patterns of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in a eutrophic lake

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 706-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Marvalin ◽  
L. Aleya ◽  
H. J. Hartmann ◽  
S. Lazarek
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Abundance ◽  
Individual Cell ◽  
Bacterial Biomass ◽  
Eutrophic Lake ◽  
Bacterial Attachment ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Phytoplankton Productivity ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Bacterial Development

Developments of bacterial and phytoplankton biomass were assessed during an annual sampling cycle in a eutrophic lake (Lake Aydat, France). Bacterial abundance, estimated by epifluorescence microscopy counting, varied from 0.61 to 12.72 × 106 cells/mL, confirming the eutrophic status attributed to this lake. Cellular densities were nearly homogeneously distributed in the water column. Mean values for bacterial abundance, obtained from three sampling depths (2, 7, and 14 m) were 3.70, 4.23, and 3.66 × 106 cells/mL. In the epilimnion, phytoplankton productivity and community composition, as well as temperature, appeared to control bacterial development. Bacterial biomass varied from 0.5 to 43.5 × 10−2 mg C/L. Mean values for the three sampling depths were 8.1, 10.1, and 9.1 × 10−2 mg C/L. Although bacterial biomass was significantly correlated with bacterial abundance, only 45 to 65% of its variation could be explained by abundance. Individual cell biovolumes varied up to sixfold, from 0.014 μm3 in spring and autumn to 0.090 μm3 in summer. The largest bacterial cells and the most elevated bacterial biomass were reached when bacteria were attached to phytoplankton or detrital organic matter, primarily during summer. Mucilaginous phytoplankton, such as Gomphosphaeria and Sphaerocystis, was found to be particularly good substrate available for the development of large and attached bacteria.Key words: eutrophic lake, bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, seasonal coupling, bacterial attachment.

scholarly journals Temperature effects on the interfacial behavior of functionalized carbon nanotube–polyethylene nanocomposite using molecular dynamics simulation

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhileshwar Singh ◽  
Dinesh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Interaction Energy ◽  
Interfacial Shear Strength ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Interfacial Shear ◽  
Interfacial Behavior ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Functionalized Carbon Nanotube

The present study investigates the interfacial behavior of functionalized carbon nanotube–polyethylene nanocomposite at different temperatures using molecular dynamics simulations, utilizing the second-generation polymer consistent force field. The carboxylic acid group is used to functionalize the carbon nanotube. In order to calculate interfacial interaction energy and interfacial shear strength of the nanocomposite, various pull-out tests are performed at different temperatures in the range of 1–400 K. The effect of functionalization on the interfacial interaction energy, interfacial shear strength, and glass transition temperature of the nanocomposite are studied in comparison to pristine carbon nanotube–reinforced nanocomposite. Results reveal that for all temperatures and degrees of functionalization, the chirality (i.e. armchair and zigzag) of carbon nanotube has a significant effect on interfacial interaction energy and interfacial shear strength of the nanocomposite. It is also found that functionalizing the carbon nanotube in carbon nanotube–polyethylene nanocomposite enhances its interfacial shear strength at different temperatures. Furthermore, a sudden drop in the value of interfacial interaction energy and interfacial shear strength of the pristine as well as functionalized carbon nanotube–reinforced nanocomposite is observed at a temperature near to its glass transition temperature.

Ultrastructure of myoepithelial cell in parotid gland

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 342-343
Author(s):  
C. N. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Parotid Gland ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Individual Cell ◽  
Branching Processes ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Myoepithelial Cells ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Gland Carcinoma ◽  
Parotid Gland Carcinoma

Myoepithelial cells have been observed in the prostate, harderian, apocrine, exocrine sweat and mammary glands. Such cells and their numerous branching processes form basket-like structures around the glandular acini. Their shapes are quite different from structures seen either in spindleshaped smooth muscle cells or skeletal muscle cells. These myoepithelial cells lie on the epithelial side of the basement membrane in the glands. This presentation describes the ultrastructure of such myoepithelial cells which have been found also in the parotid gland carcinoma from a 45-year old patient.Specimens were cut into small pieces about 1 mm3 and immediately fixed in 4 percent glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer for two hours, then post-fixed in 1 percent buffered osmium tetroxide for 1 hour. After dehydration, tissues were embedded in Epon 812. Thin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Ultrastructurally, the pattern of each individual cell showed wide variations.

Ratio imaging of intracellular ion concentration

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1160-1161
Author(s):  
Stephen R. Bolsover
Keyword(s):  
Individual Cell ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Fluorescence Signal ◽  
Ion Imaging ◽  
Ratiometric Fluorescence ◽  
Ratio Imaging ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Many

The field of intracellular ion concentration measurement expanded greatly in the 1980's due primarily to the development by Roger Tsien of ratiometric fluorescence dyes. These dyes have many applications, and in particular they make possible to image ion concentrations: to produce maps of the ion concentration within living cells. Ion imagers comprise a fluorescence microscope, an imaging light detector such as a video camera, and a computer system to process the fluorescence signal and display the map of ion concentration.Ion imaging can be used for two distinct purposes. In the first, the imager looks at a field of cells, measuring the mean ion concentration in each cell of the many in the field of view. One can then, for instance, challenge the cells with an agonist and examine the response of each individual cell. Ion imagers are not necessary for this sort of experiment: one can instead use a system that measures the mean ion concentration in a just one cell at any one time. However, they are very much more convenient.

Piezoelectric β-polymorph formation of new textiles by surface modification with coating process based on interfacial interaction on the conformational variation of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) chains

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 31301
Author(s):  
Nabil Chakhchaoui ◽  
Rida Farhan ◽  
Meriem Boutaldat ◽  
Marwane Rouway ◽  
Adil Eddiai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Interfacial Interaction ◽  
Tetraethyl Orthosilicate ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Carbon Nanofillers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Advanced Applications

Novel textiles have received a lot of attention from researchers in the last decade due to some of their unique features. The introduction of intelligent materials into textile structures offers an opportunity to develop multifunctional textiles, such as sensing, reacting, conducting electricity and performing energy conversion operations. In this research work nanocomposite-based highly piezoelectric and electroactive β-phase new textile has been developed using the pad-dry-cure method. The deposition of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) − carbon nanofillers (CNF) − tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), Si(OCH2CH3)4 was acquired on a treated textile substrate using coating technique followed by evaporation to transform the passive (non-functional) textile into a dynamic textile with an enhanced piezoelectric β-phase. The aim of the study is the investigation of the impact the coating of textile via piezoelectric nanocomposites based PVDF-CNF (by optimizing piezoelectric crystalline phase). The chemical composition of CT/PVDF-CNC-TEOS textile was detected by qualitative elemental analysis (SEM/EDX). The added of 0.5% of CNF during the process provides material textiles with a piezoelectric β-phase of up to 50% has been measured by FTIR experiments. These results indicated that CNF has high efficiency in transforming the phase α introduced in the unloaded PVDF, to the β-phase in the case of nanocomposites. Consequently, this fabricated new textile exhibits glorious piezoelectric β-phase even with relatively low coating content of PVDF-CNF-TEOS. The study demonstrates that the pad-dry-cure method can potentially be used for the development of piezoelectric nanocomposite-coated wearable new textiles for sensors and energy harvesting applications. We believe that our study may inspire the research area for future advanced applications.

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