Modulation of insulin resistance in ovariectomized rats by endurance exercise training and estrogen replacement

Metabolism ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitoon Saengsirisuwan ◽  
Somrudee Pongseeda ◽  
Mujalin Prasannarong ◽  
Kanokwan Vichaiwong ◽  
Chaivat Toskulkao
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Estrogen Replacement ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training

scholarly journals Endurance exercise training and high-fat diet differentially affect composition of diacylglycerol molecular species in rat skeletal muscle

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (6) ◽  
pp. R892-R901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriaki Kawanishi ◽  
Kana Takagi ◽  
Hyeon-Cheol Lee ◽  
Daiki Nakano ◽  
Toshiaki Okuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Rat Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Sedentary Conditions

Insulin resistance of peripheral muscle is implicated in the etiology of metabolic syndrome in obesity. Although accumulation of glycerolipids, such as triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol (DAG), in muscle contributes to insulin resistance in obese individuals, endurance-trained athletes also have higher glycerolipid levels but normal insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that the difference in insulin sensitivity of skeletal muscle between athletes and obese individuals stems from changes in fatty acid composition of accumulated lipids. Here, we evaluated the effects of intense endurance exercise and high-fat diet (HFD) on the accumulation and composition of lipid molecular species in rat skeletal muscle using a lipidomic approach. Sprague-Dawley female rats were randomly assigned to three groups and received either normal diet (ND) in sedentary conditions, ND plus endurance exercise training, or HFD in sedentary conditions. Rats were fed ND or HFD between 4 and 12 wk of age. Rats in the exercise group ran on a treadmill for 120 min/day, 5 days/wk, for 8 wk. Soleus muscle lipidomic profiles were obtained using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Total DAG levels, particularly those of palmitoleate-containing species, were increased in muscle by exercise training. However, whereas the total DAG level in the muscle was also increased by HFD, the levels of DAG molecular species containing palmitoleate were decreased by HFD. The concentration of phosphatidylethanolamine molecular species containing palmitoleate was increased by exercise but decreased by HFD. Our results indicate that although DAG accumulation was similar levels in trained and sedentary obese rats, specific changes in molecular species containing palmitoleate were opposite.

Endurance exercise training ameliorates insulin resistance and reticulum stress in adipose and hepatic tissue in obese rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 111 (9) ◽  
pp. 2015-2023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabrielle da Luz ◽  
Marisa J. S. Frederico ◽  
Sabrina da Silva ◽  
Marcelo F. Vitto ◽  
Patricia A. Cesconetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Obese Rats

Effects of Endurance Exercise Training and Zoledronic Acid Treatment on Biomaterial Properties of Femora in Ovariectomized Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Liang-Tong Guo ◽  
Hsin-Shih Lin ◽  
Shen-Yu Sandy Hsieh ◽  
Ming-Shi Chang ◽  
Rong-Sen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zoledronic Acid ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training

Higher mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation following intermittent versus continuous endurance exercise training

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 891-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
P D Chilibeck ◽  
G J Bell ◽  
R P Farrar ◽  
T P Martin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Mitochondrial Fatty Acid

It has been well documented that skeletal muscle fatty acid oxidation can be elevated by continuous endurance exercise training. However, it remains questionable whether similar adaptations can be induced with intermittent interval exercise training. This study was undertaken to directly compare the rates of fatty acid oxidation in isolated subsarcolemmal (SS) and intermyofibrillar (IMF) mitochondria following these different exercise training regimes. Mitochondria were isolated from the gastrocnemius-plantaris muscles of male Sprague-Dawley rats following exercise training 6 days per week for 12 weeks. Exercise training consisted of either continuous, submaximal, endurance treadmill running (n = 10) or intermittent, high intensity, interval running (n = 10). Both modes of training enhanced the oxidation of palmityl-carnitine-malate in both mitochondrial populations (p < 0.05). However, the increase associated with the intermittent, high intensity exercise training was significantly greater than that achieved with the continuous exercise training (p < 0.05). Also, the increases associated with the IMF mitochondria were greater than the SS mitochondria (p < 0.05). These data suggest that high intensity, intermittent interval exercise training is more effective for stimulation of fatty acid oxidation than continuous submaximal exercise training and that this adaptation occurs preferentially within IMF mitochondria.Key words: muscle, subsarcolemmal mitochondria, intermyofibrillar mitochondria.

Endurance exercise training increases insulin responsiveness in isolated adipocytes through IRS/PI3-kinase/Akt pathway

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney B. Peres ◽  
Solange M. Franzói de Moraes ◽  
Cecilia E. M. Costa ◽  
Luciana C. Brito ◽  
Julie Takada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Pi3 Kinase ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Isolated Adipocytes

Endurance exercise training promotes important metabolic adaptations, and the adipose tissue is particularly affected. The aim of this study was to investigate how endurance exercise training modulates some aspects of insulin action in isolated adipocytes and in intact adipose tissue. Male Wistar rats were submitted to daily treadmill running (1 h/day) for 7 wk. Sedentary age-matched rats were used as controls. Final body weight, body weight gain, and epididymal fat pad weight did not show any statistical differences between groups. Adipocytes from trained rats were smaller than those from sedentary rats (205 ± 16.8 vs. 286 ± 26.4 pl; P < 0.05). Trained rats showed decreased plasma glucose (4.9 ± 0.13 vs. 5.3 ± 0.07 mM; P < 0.05) and insulin levels (0.24 ± 0.012 vs. 0.41 ± 0.049 mM; P < 0.05) and increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (23.1 ± 3.1 vs. 12.1 ± 2.9 pmol/cm2; P < 0.05) compared with sedentary rats. The number of insulin receptors and the insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β subunit did not change between groups. Insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation insulin receptor substrates (IRS)-1 and -2 increased significantly (1.57- and 2.38-fold, respectively) in trained rats. Insulin-induced IRS-1/phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase (but not IRS-2/PI3-kinase) association and serine Akt phosphorylation also increased (2.06- and 3.15-fold, respectively) after training. The protein content of insulin receptor-β subunit, IRS-1 and -2, did not differ between groups. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that the increased adipocyte responsiveness to insulin observed after endurance exercise training is modulated by IRS/PI3-kinase/Akt pathway.

scholarly journals Endurance exercise training normalizes repolarization and calcium-handling abnormalities, preventing ventricular fibrillation in a model of sudden cardiac death

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 1772-1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid M. Bonilla ◽  
Andriy E. Belevych ◽  
Arun Sridhar ◽  
Yoshinori Nishijima ◽  
Hsiang-Ting Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Outward Current ◽  
Calcium Handling ◽  
Transient Outward Current ◽  
Cellular Electrophysiology ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training

The risk of sudden cardiac death is increased following myocardial infarction. Exercise training reduces arrhythmia susceptibility, but the mechanism is unknown. We used a canine model of sudden cardiac death (healed infarction, with ventricular tachyarrhythmias induced by an exercise plus ischemia test, VF+); we previously reported that endurance exercise training was antiarrhythmic in this model (Billman GE. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 297: H1171–H1193, 2009). A total of 41 VF+ animals were studied, after random assignment to 10 wk of endurance exercise training (EET; n = 21) or a matched sedentary period ( n = 20). Following (>1 wk) the final attempted arrhythmia induction, isolated myocytes were used to test the hypotheses that the endurance exercise-induced antiarrhythmic effects resulted from normalization of cellular electrophysiology and/or normalization of calcium handling. EET prevented VF and shortened in vivo repolarization ( P < 0.05). EET normalized action potential duration and variability compared with the sedentary group. EET resulted in a further decrement in transient outward current compared with the sedentary VF+ group ( P < 0.05). Sedentary VF+ dogs had a significant reduction in repolarizing K+ current, which was restored by exercise training ( P < 0.05). Compared with controls, myocytes from the sedentary VF+ group displayed calcium alternans, increased calcium spark frequency, and increased phosphorylation of S2814 on ryanodine receptor 2. These abnormalities in intracellular calcium handling were attenuated by exercise training ( P < 0.05). Exercise training prevented ischemically induced VF, in association with a combination of beneficial effects on cellular electrophysiology and calcium handling.

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