scholarly journals Circulating bile acids in healthy adults respond differently to a dietary pattern characterized by whole grains, legumes and fruits and vegetables compared to a diet high in refined grains and added sugars: A randomized, controlled, crossover feeding study

Metabolism ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bigina N.R. Ginos ◽  
Sandi L. Navarro ◽  
Yvonne Schwarz ◽  
Haiwei Gu ◽  
Dongfang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acids ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Plasma metabolomics profiles suggest beneficial effects of a low–glycemic load dietary pattern on inflammation and energy metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 984-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandi L Navarro ◽  
Aliasghar Tarkhan ◽  
Ali Shojaie ◽  
Timothy W Randolph ◽  
Haiwei Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Beneficial Effects

ABSTRACT Background Low–glycemic load dietary patterns, characterized by consumption of whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables, are associated with reduced risk of several chronic diseases. Methods Using samples from a randomized, controlled, crossover feeding trial, we evaluated the effects on metabolic profiles of a low-glycemic whole-grain dietary pattern (WG) compared with a dietary pattern high in refined grains and added sugars (RG) for 28 d. LC-MS-based targeted metabolomics analysis was performed on fasting plasma samples from 80 healthy participants (n = 40 men, n = 40 women) aged 18–45 y. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate differences in response between diets for individual metabolites. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)–defined pathways and 2 novel data-driven analyses were conducted to consider differences at the pathway level. Results There were 121 metabolites with detectable signal in >98% of all plasma samples. Eighteen metabolites were significantly different between diets at day 28 [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05]. Inositol, hydroxyphenylpyruvate, citrulline, ornithine, 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, glutamine, and oxaloacetate were higher after the WG diet than after the RG diet, whereas melatonin, betaine, creatine, acetylcholine, aspartate, hydroxyproline, methylhistidine, tryptophan, cystamine, carnitine, and trimethylamine were lower. Analyses using KEGG-defined pathways revealed statistically significant differences in tryptophan metabolism between diets, with kynurenine and melatonin positively associated with serum C-reactive protein concentrations. Novel data-driven methods at the metabolite and network levels found correlations among metabolites involved in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation, trimethylamine-N-oxide production, and β oxidation of fatty acids (FDR < 0.1) that differed between diets, with more favorable metabolic profiles detected after the WG diet. Higher BCAAs and trimethylamine were positively associated with homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance. Conclusions These exploratory metabolomics results support beneficial effects of a low–glycemic load dietary pattern characterized by whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables, compared with a diet high in refined grains and added sugars on inflammation and energy metabolism pathways. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00622661.

scholarly journals Do Refined Grains Have a Place in a Healthy Dietary Pattern: Perspectives from an Expert Panel Consensus Meeting

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanni Papanikolaou ◽  
Joanne L Slavin ◽  
Roger Clemens ◽  
J Thomas Brenna ◽  
Dayle Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Nutrient Density ◽  
Grain Foods ◽  
Healthy Dietary Pattern

ABSTRACT Although dietary guidance recommends increasing consumption of whole grains and concurrently limiting consumption of refined and/or enriched grain foods, emerging research suggests that certain refined grains may be part of a healthy dietary pattern. A scientific expert panel was convened to review published data since the release of 2015 dietary guidance in defined areas of grain research, which included nutrient intakes, diet quality, enrichment/fortification, and associations with weight-related outcomes. Based on a 1-d roundtable discussion, the expert panel reached consensus that 1) whole grains and refined grains can make meaningful nutrient contributions to dietary patterns, 2) whole and refined grain foods contribute nutrient density, 3) fortification and enrichment of grains remain vital in delivering nutrient adequacy in the American diet, 4) there is inconclusive scientific evidence that refined grain foods are linked to overweight and obesity, and 5) gaps exist in the scientific literature with regard to grain foods and health.

scholarly journals High glycemic index and glycemic load diets as risk factors for insomnia: analyses from the Women's Health Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E Gangwisch ◽  
Lauren Hale ◽  
Marie-Pierre St-Onge ◽  
Lydia Choi ◽  
Erin S LeBlanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
The Women’S Health Initiative

ABSTRACT Background Previous studies have shown mixed results on the association between carbohydrate intake and insomnia. However, any influence that refined carbohydrates have on risk of insomnia is likely commensurate with their relative contribution to the overall diet, so studies are needed that measure overall dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load, and intakes of specific types of carbohydrates. Objective We hypothesized that higher GI and glycemic load would be associated with greater odds of insomnia prevalence and incidence. Methods This was a prospective cohort study with postmenopausal women who participated in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, investigating the relations of GI, glycemic load, other carbohydrate measures (added sugars, starch, total carbohydrate), dietary fiber, and specific carbohydrate-containing foods (whole grains, nonwhole/refined grains, nonjuice fruits, vegetables, dairy products) with odds of insomnia at baseline (between 1994 and 1998; n = 77,860) and after 3 y of follow-up (between 1997 and 2001; n = 53,069). Results In cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, higher dietary GI was associated with increasing odds of prevalent (fifth compared with first quintile OR: 1.11; CI: 1.05, 1.16; P-trend = 0.0014) and incident (fifth compared with first quintile OR: 1.16; CI: 1.08, 1.25; P-trend &lt; 0.0001) insomnia in fully adjusted models. Higher intakes of dietary added sugars, starch, and nonwhole/refined grains were each associated with higher odds of incident insomnia. By contrast, higher nonjuice fruit and vegetable intakes were significantly associated with lower odds of incident insomnia. Also, higher intakes of dietary fiber, whole grains, nonjuice fruit, and vegetables were significantly associated with lower odds of prevalent insomnia. Conclusions The results suggest that high-GI diets could be a risk factor for insomnia in postmenopausal women. Substitution of high-GI foods with minimally processed, whole, fiber-rich carbohydrates should be evaluated as potential treatments of, and primary preventive measures for, insomnia in postmenopausal women.

A dietary pattern that lowers oxidative stress increases antibodies to oxidized LDL: Results from a randomized controlled feeding study

2005 ◽  
Vol 183 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
E MILLERIII ◽  
T ERLINGER ◽  
F SACKS ◽  
L SVETKEY ◽  
J CHARLESTON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Plasma lipidomic profiles after a low and high glycemic load dietary pattern in a randomized controlled crossover feeding study

Metabolomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Dibay Moghadam ◽  
Sandi L. Navarro ◽  
Ali Shojaie ◽  
Timothy W. Randolph ◽  
Lisa F. Bettcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals Plasma Lipidomics Profiles After a Diet Characterized by Whole Grains Compared to a Diet High in Refined Grains and Added Sugars (FS03-07-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sepideh Dibay Moghadam ◽  
Sandi Navarro ◽  
Ali Shojaie ◽  
Timothy Randolph ◽  
Lisa Bettcher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Missing Values ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Complex Models

Abstract Objectives Dietary patterns high in fiber from sources including whole grains, legumes, fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds, are associated with lower risk of chronic disease, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. We investigated how plasma lipidomics profiles differed between a diet high in whole grains (WG) versus a diet high in refined grains and added sugars (RG). Methods Using a randomized, crossover, controlled feeding study, 80 healthy participants (n = 40 men, n = 40 women, 40 normal weight, 40 overweight/obese), 18–45 y, were randomized to receive either a WG or RG diet for 28 days. After a 28-day washout period where participants resumed their habitual diet, they crossed over to the other diet. Targeted, differential mobility mass spectrometry was performed on fasting plasma samples collected at the baseline and end of each diet period and quantified the concentrations of 863 lipids from 13 classes. Paired t-tests and pairwise partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used to evaluate differences in lipid profiles between the two diets. Results At a class level, only ceramides were significantly different when comparing the two diets. After removing lipid species with > 20% missing values or CVs < 25%, 606 were retained for species analysis. Sixty-seven lipid species were significantly different between diets at day 28 (FDR < 0.05): 38 of 414 detected triglycerides, 9 of 59 phosphatidylethanolamines, 9 of 63 phosphatidylcholines, 4 of 22 cholesterol esters, 3 of 11 sphingomyelins, 2 of 13 lysophosphatidylcholines, and 1 of 5 ceramides. The majority of significant lipids were higher in plasma after the WG diet. PLSDA analysis showed the first and second components explaining 49% and 8.4%, respectively. Based on the selected components, lipidomic profiles showed fair separation for the two groups of diet. R2 values were 0.07 and 0.43, and Q2 values were -0.03 and 0.04 for components 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusions Higher concentrations of some lipid species such as cholesterol ester 12:0, a carrier of high-density lipoprotein, could indicate a favorable shift in lipid profiles. Further investigation using more complex models are being conducted. Funding Sources National Cancer Institute - National Institutes of Health.

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