scholarly journals High glycemic index and glycemic load diets as risk factors for insomnia: analyses from the Women's Health Initiative

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E Gangwisch ◽  
Lauren Hale ◽  
Marie-Pierre St-Onge ◽  
Lydia Choi ◽  
Erin S LeBlanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
The Women’S Health Initiative

ABSTRACT Background Previous studies have shown mixed results on the association between carbohydrate intake and insomnia. However, any influence that refined carbohydrates have on risk of insomnia is likely commensurate with their relative contribution to the overall diet, so studies are needed that measure overall dietary glycemic index (GI), glycemic load, and intakes of specific types of carbohydrates. Objective We hypothesized that higher GI and glycemic load would be associated with greater odds of insomnia prevalence and incidence. Methods This was a prospective cohort study with postmenopausal women who participated in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, investigating the relations of GI, glycemic load, other carbohydrate measures (added sugars, starch, total carbohydrate), dietary fiber, and specific carbohydrate-containing foods (whole grains, nonwhole/refined grains, nonjuice fruits, vegetables, dairy products) with odds of insomnia at baseline (between 1994 and 1998; n = 77,860) and after 3 y of follow-up (between 1997 and 2001; n = 53,069). Results In cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, higher dietary GI was associated with increasing odds of prevalent (fifth compared with first quintile OR: 1.11; CI: 1.05, 1.16; P-trend = 0.0014) and incident (fifth compared with first quintile OR: 1.16; CI: 1.08, 1.25; P-trend < 0.0001) insomnia in fully adjusted models. Higher intakes of dietary added sugars, starch, and nonwhole/refined grains were each associated with higher odds of incident insomnia. By contrast, higher nonjuice fruit and vegetable intakes were significantly associated with lower odds of incident insomnia. Also, higher intakes of dietary fiber, whole grains, nonjuice fruit, and vegetables were significantly associated with lower odds of prevalent insomnia. Conclusions The results suggest that high-GI diets could be a risk factor for insomnia in postmenopausal women. Substitution of high-GI foods with minimally processed, whole, fiber-rich carbohydrates should be evaluated as potential treatments of, and primary preventive measures for, insomnia in postmenopausal women.

Abstract P285: Sociodemographic and Metabolic Risk Characteristics Associated with Metabolic Weight Categories in the Women's Health Initiative

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber R Cordola Hsu ◽  
Susan L Ames ◽  
Bin Xie ◽  
Darleen V Peterson ◽  
Lorena Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Women's Health Initiative ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
The Women’S Health Initiative

Introduction: To identify sociodemographic and metabolic correlates of weight categories in postmenopausal women. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that postmenopausal women with metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUHNW), metabolically healthy overweight/obese (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy overweight/obese (MUHO) were more likely to have adverse risk factors as compared to those with metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW). Methods: The Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) enrolled 161,808 postmenopausal women ages 50-79. We included those free of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and with CVD risk factors and biomarkers (n=19,412). Normal weight was defined as a body-mass index (BMI) ≥18.5 and <25 kg/m 2 and waist circumference (WC) <88 cm and overweight/obesity as a BMI > 25 kg/m 2 or WC > 88 cm. Metabolically healthy was based on <2 and metabolically unhealthy > 2 traits: triglycerides > 150 mg/dl, systolic blood pressure (BP) > 130 mmHg or diastolic BP > 85 mmHg or antihypertensives or diuretics, fasting glucose > 100 mg/dl or diabetes medication, and HDL-cholesterol <50 mg/dl. Multinomial logistic regression with generalized link logit function provided the odds ratio (ORs) of MHNW, MUHNW, MHO and MUHO. Results: The table shows the ORs of risk factors and biomarkers. Among the 19,412 participants, 2,369 (12.2%) had prevalent diabetes and a mean age of 63.3 ± 0.05 (SEM). Advanced age was associated with a greater odds of MUHNW and a lower odds of MHO as compared to the MHNW after adjusting for covariates. African-Americans were associated with a decreased likelihood of MUHNW and MUHO, while Hispanics were associated with a decreased likelihood of MHO and MUHO as compared to MHNW. Low-income had a greater odds of MUHNW, yet high-income had a lower odds of MHO or MUHO. Total cholesterol, insulin and C-reactive protein were associated with a greater odds of MUHNW, MUHO or MHO. Conclusions: Advanced age, ethnicity, income and biomarkers are important indicators of metabolic weight categories among postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Dietary carbohydrate, glycemic index, and glycemic load in relation to colorectal cancer risk in the Women’s Health Initiative

2008 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1291-1298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Kabat ◽  
James M. Shikany ◽  
Shirley A. A. Beresford ◽  
Bette Caan ◽  
Marian L. Neuhouser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Colorectal Cancer Risk ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Women's Health Initiative ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
The Women’S Health Initiative

scholarly journals Dietary Glycemic Load, Glycemic Index, and Carbohydrate and Risk of Breast Cancer in the Women's Health Initiative

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 899-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Shikany ◽  
David T. Redden ◽  
Marian L. Neuhouser ◽  
Rowan T. Chlebowski ◽  
Thomas E. Rohan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Glycemic Index ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Women's Health Initiative ◽  
Women’S Health Initiative ◽  
Health Initiative ◽  
Dietary Glycemic Load ◽  
The Women’S Health Initiative

scholarly journals Plasma metabolomics profiles suggest beneficial effects of a low–glycemic load dietary pattern on inflammation and energy metabolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 984-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandi L Navarro ◽  
Aliasghar Tarkhan ◽  
Ali Shojaie ◽  
Timothy W Randolph ◽  
Haiwei Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Glycemic Load ◽  
Whole Grains ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Refined Grains ◽  
Added Sugars ◽  
Beneficial Effects

ABSTRACT Background Low–glycemic load dietary patterns, characterized by consumption of whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables, are associated with reduced risk of several chronic diseases. Methods Using samples from a randomized, controlled, crossover feeding trial, we evaluated the effects on metabolic profiles of a low-glycemic whole-grain dietary pattern (WG) compared with a dietary pattern high in refined grains and added sugars (RG) for 28 d. LC-MS-based targeted metabolomics analysis was performed on fasting plasma samples from 80 healthy participants (n = 40 men, n = 40 women) aged 18–45 y. Linear mixed models were used to evaluate differences in response between diets for individual metabolites. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)–defined pathways and 2 novel data-driven analyses were conducted to consider differences at the pathway level. Results There were 121 metabolites with detectable signal in >98% of all plasma samples. Eighteen metabolites were significantly different between diets at day 28 [false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05]. Inositol, hydroxyphenylpyruvate, citrulline, ornithine, 13-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, glutamine, and oxaloacetate were higher after the WG diet than after the RG diet, whereas melatonin, betaine, creatine, acetylcholine, aspartate, hydroxyproline, methylhistidine, tryptophan, cystamine, carnitine, and trimethylamine were lower. Analyses using KEGG-defined pathways revealed statistically significant differences in tryptophan metabolism between diets, with kynurenine and melatonin positively associated with serum C-reactive protein concentrations. Novel data-driven methods at the metabolite and network levels found correlations among metabolites involved in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) degradation, trimethylamine-N-oxide production, and β oxidation of fatty acids (FDR < 0.1) that differed between diets, with more favorable metabolic profiles detected after the WG diet. Higher BCAAs and trimethylamine were positively associated with homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance. Conclusions These exploratory metabolomics results support beneficial effects of a low–glycemic load dietary pattern characterized by whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables, compared with a diet high in refined grains and added sugars on inflammation and energy metabolism pathways. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00622661.

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