Determination of Bisphenol A Migration from Food Packaging by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction

In this paper, an analytical protocol was developed for the simultaneous determination of phthalates (di-methyl phthalate DMP, di-ethyl phthalate DEP, di-isobutyl phthalate DiBP, di-n-butyl phthalate DBP, bis-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate DEHP, di-n-octyl phthalate DNOP) and bisphenol A (BPA). The extraction technique used was the ultrasound vortex assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UVA-DLLME). The method involves analyte extraction using 75 µL of benzene and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography combined with ion trap mass spectrometry (GC-IT/MS). The method is sensitive, reliable, and reproducible with a limit of detection (LOD) below 13 ng g−1 and limit of quantification (LOQ) below 22 ng g−1 and the intra- and inter-day errors below 7.2 and 9.3, respectively. The method developed and validated was applied to six honey samples (i.e., four single-use commercial ones and two home-made ones. Some phthalates were found in the samples at concentrations below the specific migration limits (SMLs). Furthermore, the commercial samples were subjected to two different thermal stresses (24 h and 48 h at 40 °C) for evidence of the release of plastic from the containers. An increase in the phthalate concentrations was observed, especially during the first phase of the shock, but the levels were still within the limits of the regulations.

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Determination of Some Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants and Bisphenol A in Honey Using Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Followed by Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection

Food Analytical Methods ◽

10.1007/s12161-015-0087-9 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 2035-2043 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Mir Ali Farajzadeh ◽

Maryam Abbaspour ◽

Mohammad Reza Afshar Mogaddam ◽

Houshang Ghorbanpour

Keyword(s):

Gas Chromatography ◽

Bisphenol A ◽

Phenolic Antioxidants ◽

Flame Ionization Detection ◽

Ionization Detection ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽

Synthetic Phenolic Antioxidants ◽

Liquid Microextraction

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Separation and Determination of Triclosan and Bisphenol A in Water, Beverage, and Urine Samples by Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction Combined with Capillary Zone Electrophoresis–UV Detection

Journal of AOAC International ◽

10.5740/jaoacint.10-402 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 459-465 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Huili Wang ◽

Aina Zhang ◽

Wenwei Wang ◽

Minghua Zhang ◽

Huanqiang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bisphenol A ◽

Capillary Zone Electrophoresis ◽

Uv Detection ◽

Extraction Time ◽

Urine Samples ◽

Zone Electrophoresis ◽

Capillary Zone ◽

Dispersive Liquid Liquid Microextraction ◽

Liquid Microextraction

Abstract Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction combined with capillary zone electrophoresis–UV detection was developed for analyzing triclosan (TCS) and bisphenol A (BPA) in water, beverage, and urine samples. The factors influencing microextraction efficiencies, such as the kind and volume of extraction and dispersive solvent, the extraction time, and the salt effect, were optimized. A background electrolyte composed of 8 mM sodium tetraborate at pH 9.8 was used as the running buffer. Detection was performed at 214 nm. Under the optimum conditions (sample volume, 5.0 mL; extraction solvent, tetrachloroethane, 22.0 μL; dispersive solvent, tetrahydrofuran, 1.0 mL; extraction time, fewer than 5 s; and without salt addition), the enrichment factors were 110.2 and 82.0 for TCS and BPA, respectively. The linear range was 0.02–2 μg/mL with correlation coefficients of 0.9966–0.9969. LODs were in the range of 4.0–8.0 ng/mL. The environmental water, beverage, and urine samples (at spiking levels of 0.1 and 0.4 μg/mL) were successfully analyzed by the proposed method; the recoveries compared to previous methods were in the range of 81.2–103.3%. As a result, this method can be successfully applied for the rapid and convenient determination of TCS and BPA in water, beverage, and urine samples.

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