scholarly journals The prebiotic effect of human milk oligosaccharides 3’- and 6’-sialyllactose on adhesion and biofilm formation by Clostridioides difficile – pilot study

2021 ◽  
pp. 104929
Author(s):  
Michał Piotrowski ◽  
Dorota Wultańska ◽  
Hanna Pituch
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile

Antibiofilm activity of Human Milk Oligosaccharides against pathogens isolated from cystic fibrosis patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Jarzynka ◽  
Kamila Strom ◽  
Oliwia Makarewicz ◽  
Anna Minkiewicz-Zochniak ◽  
Anna Koryszewska-Baginska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Burkholderia Cenocepacia ◽  
Definitive Treatment ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most abundant component of breast milk, after fat and lactose, that promote infant health. Recent studies have shown that HMOs demonstrated antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against different strains. Cystic fibrosis (CF), it is one of the major respiratory diseases, the clinical management and definitive treatment of CF biofilm-mediated chronic bacterial lung infection remains a challenge.</p> <p><strong>Objective</strong>: In this study, we examine HMOs antibiofilm activity against pathogens isolated from CF patients.</p> <p><strong>Methods and results</strong>: In current work, we investigated the antibiofilm activity of the saccharide fraction obtained from pooled human milk of 9 donors against strains of: <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Burkholderia cenocepacia</em>, an intrinsically multi-resistant pathogen associated with high mortality in CF patients. We tested the ability of HMOs to inhibit biofilm formation and to eradicate matured biofilms. Live/dead staining of the biofilms and CLSM image acquisition were used.</p> <p>The pooled HMOs showed a biofilm eradicating effect on most tested pathogens. The HMOs effectively killed the bacteria at high concentration (20 mg/ml, corresponds to the concentration in human milk), but visible reduction of viable bacteria and biofilm mass was observed already at lower concentrations that varied between the species. The biofilm mass was also reduced in almost all pathogenic biofilms.</p> <p>The data presented in this paper supporting the importance and potential inhibitory effect of HMOs in biofilm formation. HMOs could potentially be used as novel therapeutics to treat or prevent infectious disease in patient with CF.</p>

scholarly journals Evidence of human milk oligosaccharides in maternal circulation already during pregnancy: a pilot study

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (3) ◽  
pp. E347-E357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Jantscher-Krenn ◽  
Johanna Aigner ◽  
Birgit Reiter ◽  
Harald Köfeler ◽  
Bence Csapo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Maternal Serum ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Maternal Circulation ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Maternal Body ◽  
Maternal Metabolism

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are bioactive glycans linked with health benefits to both the breast-fed infant and lactating mother. We hypothesized that HMOs are present before lactation, already during pregnancy, and are influenced by maternal body composition. In a pilot study, we investigated individual and temporal variations in HMO composition and concentration in maternal serum at gestational weeks 10–14 ( visit 1), 20–24 ( visit 2), and 30–35 (visit 3) (V1, V2, and V3, respectively) and associations with maternal body composition. HMOs were quantified by HPLC and confirmed by enzymatic digest and mass spectrometry. Associations of maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) thickness, and adipokines with absolute and relative HMO concentrations were analyzed by Spearman correlation. We identified 16 HMOs and 2 oligosaccharides not common to human milk. HMO concentration and composition varied with gestational age and secretor status. HMO concentration increased with gestational age and changed from a predominantly sialylated profile at V1 to a more balanced fucosylated-to-sialylated ratio at V3, mostly due to a profound increase in 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL), reflecting secretor phenotype. In secretor-positive women, BMI was negatively correlated with 2′-FL at V2. SAT at V1 and V2 were strongly negatively correlated with 2′-FL concentrations. This pilot study shows that prenatal HMOs are present in maternal serum, suggesting roles for HMOs already during pregnancy. Our result that maternal body composition is associated with prenatal HMOs might indicate that maternal metabolism modulates HMO composition with unknown implications for maternal and fetal health already during pregnancy.

scholarly journals Effects of Different Human Milk Oligosaccharides on Growth of Bifidobacteria in Monoculture and Co-culture With Faecalibacterium prausnitzii

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianghui Cheng ◽  
Mensiena B. G. Kiewiet ◽  
Madelon J. Logtenberg ◽  
Andre Groeneveld ◽  
Arjen Nauta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Faecalibacterium Prausnitzii

scholarly journals Regulation of hBD-2, hBD-3, hCAP18/LL37, and Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion by Human Milk Oligosaccharides in an Organotypic Oral Mucosal Model

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 739
Author(s):  
Ulvi K. Gürsoy ◽  
Krista Salli ◽  
Eva Söderling ◽  
Mervi Gürsoy ◽  
Johanna Hirvonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Proinflammatory Response ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
Gingival Cells ◽  
Mucosal Secretion ◽  
Immunomodulatory Potential

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third largest solid fraction in human milk, can modulate inflammation through Toll-like receptor signaling, but little is known about their immunomodulatory potential in the oral cavity. In this study, we determined whether the HMOs 2’-fucosyllactose (2’-FL) and 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL) regulate human-beta defensin (hBD)-2 and -3, cathelicidin (hCAP18/LL-37), and cytokine responses in human gingival cells using a three-dimensional oral mucosal culture model. The model was incubated with 0.1% or 1% 2’-FL and 3-FL, alone and in combination, for 5 or 24 h, and hBD-2, hBD-3, and hCAP18/LL-37 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The expression profiles of interleukin (IL)-1, IL-1RA, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 were determined by LUMINEX immunoassay. The combination of 1% 2’-FL and 1% 3-FL, and 1% 3-FL alone, for 24 h upregulated hBD-2 protein expression significantly (p < 0.001 and p = 0.016, respectively). No changes in the other antimicrobial peptides or proinflammatory cytokines were observed. Thus, 3-FL, alone and in combination with 2´-FL, stimulates oral mucosal secretion of hBD-2, without effecting a proinflammatory response when studied in an oral mucosal culture model.

scholarly journals Rapid capillary gel electrophoresis analysis of human milk oligosaccharides for food additive manufacturing in-process control

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marton Szigeti ◽  
Agnes Meszaros-Matwiejuk ◽  
Dora Molnar-Gabor ◽  
Andras Guttman
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Human Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Milk Oligosaccharides ◽  
Capillary Gel Electrophoresis

AbstractIndustrial production of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) represents a recently growing interest since they serve as key ingredients in baby formulas and are also utilized as dietary supplements for all age groups. Despite their short oligosaccharide chain lengths, HMO analysis is challenging due to extensive positional and linkage variations. Capillary gel electrophoresis primarily separates analyte molecules based on their hydrodynamic volume to charge ratios, thus, offers excellent resolution for most of such otherwise difficult-to-separate isomers. In this work, two commercially available gel compositions were evaluated on the analysis of a mixture of ten synthetic HMOs. The relevant respective separation matrices were then applied to selected analytical in-process control examples. The conventionally used carbohydrate separation matrix was applied for the in-process analysis of bacteria-mediated production of 3-fucosyllactose, lacto-N-tetraose, and lacto-N-neotetraose. The other example showed the suitability of the method for the in vivo in-process control of a shake flask and fermentation approach of 2′-fucosyllactose production. In this latter instance, borate complexation was utilized to efficiently separate the 2′- and 3-fucosylated lactose positional isomers. In all instances, the analysis of the HMOs of interest required only a couple of minutes with high resolution and excellent migration time and peak area reproducibility (average RSD 0.26% and 3.56%, respectively), features representing high importance in food additive manufacturing in-process control. Graphical abstract

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