Phthalate esters in settled dust of different indoor microenvironments; source of non-dietary human exposure

2017 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussain Mohammed Salem Ali Albar ◽  
Nadeem Ali ◽  
Khurram Shahzad ◽  
Iqbal Mohammad Ibrahim Ismail ◽  
Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Settled Dust

scholarly journals Associations among phthalate exposure, DNA methylation of TSLP, and childhood allergy

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Ru Wang ◽  
Nai-Tzu Chen ◽  
Nai-Yun Hsu ◽  
I-Ying Kuo ◽  
Hsin-Wen Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Methylation Level ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Phthalate Exposure ◽  
Settled Dust ◽  
Butyl Phthalate

Abstract Background Dysregulation of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) expressions is linked to asthma and allergic disease. Exposure to phthalate esters, a widely used plasticizer, is associated with respiratory and allergic morbidity. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) causes TSLP upregulation in the skin. In addition, phthalate exposure is associated with changes in environmentally induced DNA methylation, which might cause phenotypic heterogeneity. This study examined the DNA methylation of the TSLP gene to determine the potential mechanism between phthalate exposure and allergic diseases. Results Among all evaluated, only benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP) in the settled dusts were negatively correlated with the methylation levels of TSLP and positively associated with children’s respiratory symptoms. The results revealed that every unit increase in BBzP concentration in the settled dust was associated with a 1.75% decrease in the methylation level on upstream 775 bp from the transcription start site (TSS) of TSLP (β =  − 1.75, p = 0.015) after adjustment for child’s sex, age, BMI, parents’ smoking status, allergic history, and education levels, PM2.5, formaldehyde, temperature; and relative humidity. Moreover, every percentage increase in the methylation level was associated with a 20% decrease in the risk of morning respiratory symptoms in the children (OR 0.80, 95% CI 0.65–0.99). Conclusions Exposure to BBzP in settled dust might increase children’s respiratory symptoms in the morning through decreasing TSLP methylation. Therefore, the exposure to BBzP should be reduced especially for the children already having allergic diseases.

scholarly journals Are nails a valuable non-invasive alternative for estimating human exposure to phthalate esters?

2016 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 184-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Alves ◽  
Adrian Covaci ◽  
Stefan Voorspoels
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Non Invasive

Phthalate esters in indoor dust from several regions, China and their implications for human exposure

2019 ◽  
Vol 652 ◽  
pp. 1187-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Zhu ◽  
Jiabao Jia ◽  
Kegang Zhang ◽  
He Zhang ◽  
Chunyang Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Indoor Dust

scholarly journals Corrigendum to “Multi-pathway human exposure assessment of phthalate esters and DINCH” [Environ. Int. 112 (2018) 115–126]

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 ◽  
pp. 106071
Author(s):  
Georgios Giovanoulis ◽  
Thuy Bui ◽  
Fuchao Xu ◽  
Eleni Papadopoulou ◽  
Juan A. Padilla-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Human Exposure Assessment

Currently used organophosphate flame retardants determined in the settled dust of masjids and hotels of Saudi Arabia, a new insight into human health implications of dust exposure

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 798-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadeem Ali ◽  
Iqbal Mohammad Ibrahim Ismail ◽  
Mohammad W. Kadi ◽  
Hussain Mohammed Salem Ali Albar
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Settled Dust ◽  
Insight Into

Indoor settled dust particles are considered as an important source of human exposure to chemicals such as organophosphate flame retardants (PFRs).

Propositional modification for the USEPA models for human exposure assessment on chemicals in settled dust or soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (24) ◽  
pp. 20113-20116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiguo Cao ◽  
Leicheng Zhao ◽  
Guifen Zhu ◽  
Qiaoying Chen ◽  
Guangxuan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Settled Dust ◽  
Human Exposure Assessment

Human exposure, hazard and risk of alternative plasticizers to phthalate esters

2016 ◽  
Vol 541 ◽  
pp. 451-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thuy T. Bui ◽  
Georgios Giovanoulis ◽  
Anna Palm Cousins ◽  
Jörgen Magnér ◽  
Ian T. Cousins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Exposure ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Hazard And Risk

scholarly journals Distribution, Source Apportionment and Health Risk Assessment of Phthalate Esters in Indoor Dust Samples Across China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Li ◽  
Wenping Zhang ◽  
Jiapei Lv ◽  
Wenxiu Liu ◽  
Shanwei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Butyl Phthalate

Abstract Background: Phthalates were detected in various environments due to their widespread application. In this study, indoor dust samples from 94 buildings, including 72 residences and 22 dormitories, were collected in seven geographical regions in China and analyzed for eight phthalate esters (PAEs). Investigation of contamination profiles, geographical distribution, sources and risks of PAEs in indoor dusts was explored.Results: The highest Σ8PAEs concentration in residential buildings was found in Northeast China (median: 164.71 μg·g−1), which was 2.3 and 2.8 times higher than that in South China (median: 71.71 μg·g−1) and Southwest China (median: 58.53 μg·g−1), respectively. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP), and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) were the dominant compounds of Σ8PAEs in indoor dusts from residences and dormitories. The administrative levels revealed that the highly serious contamination occurred in the provincial capital, followed by non-provincial cities and countries. Such an occurrence was related to the usage of PAE products and the level of urbanization. Principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization showed that the emission from cosmetics and personal care products, plasticizers, and household building materials were the possible PAE sources in indoor dusts. Among three routes of ingestion, dermal adsorption, and inhalation, dust ingestion was the main route of human exposure to PAEs. The health risk of PAE exposure for different populations decreased in the order of children > women > men. The hazard indexes of non-cancer were higher than the threshold value of 10−6 during human exposure to DBP and DEHP. Children also faced potential non-cancer risk due to benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) exposure. The carcinogenic risks via exposure to BBzP and DEHP were low and negligible.Conclusion: Overall, PAEs were widely presented in indoor dusts. Obvious difference was observed in the distribution of PAEs concentration in indoor dusts due to the differences in economic development and usage of PAEs product. Plasticizers, household building materials, and cosmetics and personal care products were likely PAE sources in indoor dusts. The risk assessment suggested that carcinogenic risks of BBzP and DEHP were negligible, but DBP, DEHP, DnOP and BBzP may pose non-cancer risks to humans.

scholarly journals Distribution, source apportionment and health risk assessment of phthalate esters in indoor dust samples across China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Li ◽  
Wenping Zhang ◽  
Jiapei Lv ◽  
Wenxiu Liu ◽  
Shanwei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Human Exposure ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Phthalate Esters ◽  
Personal Care Products ◽  
Indoor Dust ◽  
Personal Care ◽  
Butyl Phthalate

Abstract Background: Phthalates were detected in various environments due to their widespread application. In this study, indoor dust samples from 94 buildings, including 72 residences and 22 dormitories, were collected in seven geographical regions in China and analyzed for eight phthalate esters (PAEs). Investigation of contamination profiles, geographical distribution, sources and risks of PAEs in indoor dusts was explored.Results: The highest Σ8PAEs concentration in residential buildings was found in Northeast China (median: 164.71 μg·g−1), which was 2.3 and 2.8 times higher than that in South China (median: 71.71 μg·g−1) and Southwest China (median: 58.53 μg·g−1), respectively. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-iso-butyl phthalate (DIBP), and di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) were the dominant compounds of Σ8PAEs in indoor dusts from residences and dormitories. The administrative levels revealed that the highly serious contamination occurred in the provincial capital, followed by non-provincial cities and countries. Such an occurrence was related to the usage of PAE products and the level of urbanization. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) showed that the emission from cosmetics and personal care products, plasticizers, and household building materials were the possible PAE sources in indoor dusts. Among three routes of ingestion, dermal adsorption, and inhalation, dust ingestion was the main route of human exposure to PAEs. The health risk of PAE exposure for different populations in descending order of children > women > men. The hazard indexes of non-cancer were higher than the threshold value of 10−6 during human exposure to DBP and DEHP. Children also faced potential non-cancer risk due to benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP) and di-n-octyl phthalate (DnOP) exposure. The carcinogenic risks via exposure to BBzP and DEHP were negligible.Conclusion: Overall, PAEs were widely presented in indoor dusts. Obvious difference was observed in the distribution of PAEs concentration in indoor dusts due to the differences in economic development and usage of PAEs product. Plasticizers, household building materials, and cosmetics and personal care products were likely PAE sources in indoor dusts. The risk assessment suggested that carcinogenic risks of BBzP and DEHP were negligible, but DBP, DEHP, DnOP and BBzP may pose non-cancer risks to humans.

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