Sinapis arvensis (Mustard) extract derived bio-molecules linked Zinc-II ions; Integrated electrochemical & surface investigations

Volunteer canola (Brassica napus) and Sinapis arvensis are well identified weeds of different cropping systems. Quantitative information on regarding seed production by them is limited. Such information is necessary to model dynamics of soil seed banks. The aim of this work was to quantify seed production as a function of the size of those weeds. A wide range of plant size was produced by using a fan seeding system performed at two sowing dates (environments). Plant size varied from 3 to 167 g per plant for canola and from 6 to 104 g per plant for S. arvensis. Seed production ranged from 543 to14,773 seeds per plant for canola, and from 264 to 10,336 seeds per plant for S. arvensis. There was a close relationship between seed production per plant and plant size which was well-described by a power function (y = 130.6x0.94; R² = 0.93 for canola and y = 28x1.27; R² = 0.95 for S. arvensis). There was also strong relationships among the number of pods produced in individual plants and the quantity of seeds produced (g per plant) with the size of the plant. The relationships found in this study can be used in dynamic seed bank models of volunteer canola and S. arvensis.

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Sinapis Arvensis L.

Journal of Ecology ◽

10.2307/2256459 ◽

1950 ◽

Vol 38 (2) ◽

pp. 415 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

G. E. Fogg

Keyword(s):

Sinapis Arvensis

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Continuous Use of Tribenuron-Methyl Selected for Cross-Resistance to Acetolactate Synthase–inhibiting Herbicides in Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis)

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/wsc.2018.23 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 424-432 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Javid Gherekhloo ◽

Zahra M. Hatami ◽

Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz ◽

Hamid R. Sadeghipour ◽

Rafael De Prado

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Acetolactate Synthase ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Resistance Level ◽

Sinapis Arvensis ◽

Wild Mustard ◽

Golestan Province ◽

Tribenuron Methyl

AbstractWild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) is a weed that frequently infests winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields in Golestan province, Iran. Tribenuron-methyl (TM) has been used recurrently to control this species, thus selecting for resistant S. arvensis populations. The objectives were: (1) to determine the resistance level to TM of 14 putatively resistant (PR) S. arvensis populations, collected from winter wheat fields in Golestan province, Iran, in comparison to one susceptible (S) population; and (2) to characterize the resistance mechanisms and the potential evolution of cross-resistance to other classes of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in three populations (AL-3, G-5, and Ag-Sr) confirmed as being resistant (R) to TM. The TM doses required to reduce the dry weight of the PR populations by 50% were between 2.2 and 16.8 times higher than those needed for S plants. The ALS enzyme activity assays revealed that the AL-3, G-5, and Ag-Sr populations evolved cross-resistance to the candidate ALS-inhibiting herbicides from the sulfonylureas (SU), triazolopyrimidines (TP), pyrimidinyl-thiobenzoates (PTB), sulfonyl-aminocarbonyl-triazolinone (SCT), and imidazolinones (IMI) classes. No differences in absorption, translocation, or metabolism of [14C]TM between R and S plants were observed, suggesting that these non-target mechanisms were not responsible for the resistance. The ALS gene of the R populations contained the Trp-574-Leu mutation, conferring cross-resistance to the SU, SCT, PTB, TP, and IMI classes. The Trp-574-Leu mutation in the ALS gene conferred cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in S. arvensis from winter wheat fields in Golestan province. This is the first TM resistance case confirmed in this species in Iran.

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Dicamba Uptake, Translocation, Metabolism, and Selectivity

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500048414 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 113-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

F. Y. Chang ◽

W. H. Vanden Born

Keyword(s):

Hordeum Vulgare ◽

Root Uptake ◽

Tartary Buckwheat ◽

Fagopyrum Tataricum ◽

Sinapis Arvensis ◽

Triticum Vulgare ◽

Wild Mustard ◽

Minor Metabolite ◽

Anisic Acid ◽

A Minor

Greenhouse studies indicated that 3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid (dicamba) or its metabolic derivative was strongly accumulated in meristematic tissues of Tartary buckwheat (Fagopyrum tataricum(L.) Gaertn.) and wild mustard (Sinapis arvensisL.) following both foliar and root uptake. In barley (Hordeum vulgareL.) and wheat (Triticum vulgareL.), it was distributed throughout the plants. Detoxification of dicamba occurred in all four species though not at equal rates, and a common major metabolite was identified chromatographically as 5-hydroxy-3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid. A minor metabolite, 3,6-dichlorosalicylic acid, was found in barley and wheat but not in Tartary buckwheat or wild mustard. The four species tolerated dicamba treatment in the order of wheat, barley, wild mustard, and Tartary buckwheat. This ranking corresponds with the ability of the plants to detoxify dicamba and is inversely related to the extent of dicamba absorption and translocation in them.

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