Proactive inhibition: An element of inhibitory control in eating disorders

Converging evidence indicates that response inhibition may arise from the interaction of effortful proactive and reflexive reactive mechanisms. However, the distinction between the neural basis sustaining proactive and reactive inhibitory processes is still unclear. To identify reliable neural markers of proactive inhibition, we examined the behavioral and electrophysiological correlates elicited by manipulating the degree of inhibitory control in a task that involved the detection and amendment of errors. Restraining or encouraging the correction of errors did not affect the time course of the behavioral and neural correlates associated to reactive inhibition. We rather found that a bilateral and sustained decrease of corticomotor excitability was required for an effective proactive inhibitory control, whereas selective strategies were associated with defective response suppression. Our results provide behavioral and electrophysiological conclusive evidence of a comprehensive proactive inhibitory mechanism, with a distinctive underlying neural basis, governing the commission and amendment of errors. Together, these findings hint at a decisive role for changes in corticomotor excitability in determining whether an action will be successfully suppressed.

Download Full-text

Neurometabolic Correlates of Reactive and Proactive Motor Inhibition in Young and Older Adults: Evidence from Multiple Regional 1H-MR Spectroscopy

Cerebral Cortex Communications ◽

10.1093/texcom/tgaa028 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Akila Weerasekera ◽

Oron Levin ◽

Amanda Clauwaert ◽

Kirstin-Friederike Heise ◽

Lize Hermans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽

Proactive Inhibition ◽

Older Age ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Reactive Inhibition ◽

Age Related ◽

The Right ◽

Age Range

Abstract Suboptimal inhibitory control is a major factor contributing to motor/cognitive deficits in older age and pathology. Here, we provide novel insights into the neurochemical biomarkers of inhibitory control in healthy young and older adults and highlight putative neurometabolic correlates of deficient inhibitory functions in normal aging. Age-related alterations in levels of glutamate–glutamine complex (Glx), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), choline (Cho), and myo-inositol (mIns) were assessed in the right inferior frontal gyrus (RIFG), pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA), bilateral sensorimotor cortex (SM1), bilateral striatum (STR), and occipital cortex (OCC) with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Data were collected from 30 young (age range 18–34 years) and 29 older (age range 60–74 years) adults. Associations between age-related changes in the levels of these metabolites and performance measures or reactive/proactive inhibition were examined for each age group. Glx levels in the right striatum and preSMA were associated with more efficient proactive inhibition in young adults but were not predictive for reactive inhibition performance. Higher NAA/mIns ratios in the preSMA and RIFG and lower mIns levels in the OCC were associated with better deployment of proactive and reactive inhibition in older adults. Overall, these findings suggest that altered regional concentrations of NAA and mIns constitute potential biomarkers of suboptimal inhibitory control in aging.

Download Full-text

Handedness Does Not Impact Inhibitory Control, but Movement Execution and Reactive Inhibition Are More under a Left-Hemisphere Control

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym13091602 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 1602

Author(s):

Christian Mancini ◽

Giovanni Mirabella

Keyword(s):

Left Hemisphere ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Right Hemisphere ◽

Dominant Role ◽

Hemispheric Specialization ◽

Arm Movement ◽

Proactive Inhibition ◽

Stop Signal Task ◽

The Right

The relationship between handedness, laterality, and inhibitory control is a valuable benchmark for testing the hypothesis of the right-hemispheric specialization of inhibition. According to this theory, and given that to stop a limb movement, it is sufficient to alter the activity of the contralateral hemisphere, then suppressing a left arm movement should be faster than suppressing a right-arm movement. This is because, in the latter case, inhibitory commands produced in the right hemisphere should be sent to the other hemisphere. Further, as lateralization of cognitive functions in left-handers is less pronounced than in right-handers, in the former, the inhibitory control should rely on both hemispheres. We tested these predictions on a medium-large sample of left- and right-handers (n = 52). Each participant completed two sessions of the reaching versions of the stop-signal task, one using the right arm and one using the left arm. We found that reactive and proactive inhibition do not differ according to handedness. However, we found a significant advantage of the right versus the left arm in canceling movements outright. By contrast, there were no differences in proactive inhibition. As we also found that participants performed movements faster with the right than with the left arm, we interpret our results in light of the dominant role of the left hemisphere in some aspects of motor control.

Download Full-text

Impulsiveness and lack of inhibitory control in eating disorders

Eating Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.eatbeh.2006.05.001 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 196-203 ◽

Cited By ~ 106

Author(s):

Laurence Claes ◽

Chantal Nederkoorn ◽

Walter Vandereycken ◽

Ramona Guerrieri ◽

Hans Vertommen

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Inhibitory Control

Download Full-text

Proactive and reactive inhibitory control in eating disorders

Psychiatry Research ◽

10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.073 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 255 ◽

pp. 432-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Savani Bartholdy ◽

Samantha J. Rennalls ◽

Claire Jacques ◽

Hollie Danby ◽

Iain C. Campbell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Inhibitory Control

Download Full-text

Neuropharmacology of compulsive eating

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2017.0024 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 373 (1742) ◽

pp. 20170024 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Catherine F. Moore ◽

Julia I. Panciera ◽

Valentina Sabino ◽

Pietro Cottone

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Negative Affect ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Emotional State ◽

Food Addiction ◽

Eating Behaviour ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Compulsive Eating ◽

Negative Emotional State

Compulsive eating behaviour is a transdiagnostic construct observed in certain forms of obesity and eating disorders, as well as in the proposed construct of ‘food addiction'. Compulsive eating can be conceptualized as comprising three elements: (i) habitual overeating, (ii) overeating to relieve a negative emotional state, and (iii) overeating despite adverse consequences. Neurobiological processes that include maladaptive habit formation, the emergence of a negative affect, and dysfunctions in inhibitory control are thought to drive the development and persistence of compulsive eating behaviour. These complex psychobehavioural processes are under the control of various neuropharmacological systems. Here, we describe the current evidence implicating these systems in compulsive eating behaviour, and contextualize them within the three elements. A better understanding of the neuropharmacological substrates of compulsive eating behaviour has the potential to significantly advance the pharmacotherapy for feeding-related pathologies. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Of mice and mental health: facilitating dialogue between basic and clinical neuroscientists’.

Download Full-text

Adjustments to Proactive Motor Inhibition without Effector-Specific Foreknowledge Are Reflected in a Bilateral Upregulation of Sensorimotor β-Burst Rates

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_01682 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (5) ◽

pp. 784-798 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cheol Soh ◽

Megan Hynd ◽

Benjamin O. Rangel ◽

Jan R. Wessel

Keyword(s):

Inhibitory Control ◽

Motor System ◽

Baseline Period ◽

Proactive Inhibition ◽

Stop Signal ◽

Stop Signal Task ◽

Movement Initiation ◽

Healthy Human ◽

Subsequent Work ◽

Band Activity

Abstract Classic work using the stop-signal task has shown that humans can use inhibitory control to cancel already initiated movements. Subsequent work revealed that inhibitory control can be proactively recruited in anticipation of a potential stop-signal, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful movement cancellation. However, the exact neurophysiological effects of proactive inhibitory control on the motor system are still unclear. On the basis of classic views of sensorimotor β-band activity, as well as recent findings demonstrating the burst-like nature of this signal, we recently proposed that proactive inhibitory control is implemented by influencing the rate of sensorimotor β-bursts during movement initiation. Here, we directly tested this hypothesis using scalp EEG recordings of β-band activity in 41 healthy human adults during a bimanual RT task. By comparing motor responses made in two different contexts—during blocks with or without stop-signals—we found that premovement β-burst rates over both contralateral and ipsilateral sensorimotor areas were increased in stop-signal blocks compared to pure-go blocks. Moreover, the degree of this burst rate difference indexed the behavioral implementation of proactive inhibition (i.e., the degree of anticipatory response slowing in the stop-signal blocks). Finally, exploratory analyses showed that these condition differences were explained by a significant increase in β bursting that was already present during baseline period before the movement initiation signal. Together, this suggests that the strategic deployment of proactive inhibitory motor control is implemented by upregulating the tonic inhibition of the motor system, signified by increased sensorimotor β-bursting both before and after signals to initiate a movement.

Download Full-text

Inhibitory Control and Eating Disorders

Case Medical Research ◽

10.31525/ct1-nct03850288 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Eating Disorders ◽

Inhibitory Control

Download Full-text

Top-Down Control of Saccades as Part of a Generalized Model of Proactive Inhibitory Control

Journal of Neurophysiology ◽

10.1152/jn.00717.2009 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 102 (5) ◽

pp. 2578-2580 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Bénédicte Ballanger

Keyword(s):

Eye Movements ◽

Inhibitory Control ◽

Neuronal Activity ◽

Rhesus Monkeys ◽

Saccadic Eye Movements ◽

Proactive Inhibition ◽

Recurrent Network ◽

Frontal Eye Field ◽

Top Down ◽

Eye Field

Lo and colleagues have recently described a recurrent network model of inhibitory control of saccadic eye movements based on neurophysiological observations in the frontal eye field (FEF) and superior colliculus (SC) of rhesus monkeys. This model emphasizes the proactive, inhibition-based, tonic neuronal activity that prevents the eye from moving in a countermanding paradigm. In this review I discuss the model with respect to existing literature that the authors did not mention, suggesting that proactive inhibitory control extends far beyond saccadic control and provides an interesting framework to interpret several attentional and movement disorders in humans.

Download Full-text