Body representations in the human brain revealed by kinesthetic illusions and their essential contributions to motor control and corporeal awareness

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 ◽  
pp. 16-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiichi Naito ◽  
Tomoyo Morita ◽  
Kaoru Amemiya
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Body Representations ◽  
Corporeal Awareness

2. The human brain

2017 ◽  
pp. 17-33
Author(s):  
Susan Blackmore
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
The Self ◽  
Central Processor ◽  
Human Consciousness ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Vast Network ◽  
Successful Science

‘The human brain’ considers the brain as a vast network of connections from which come our extraordinary abilities: perception, learning, memory, reasoning, language, and somehow or another—consciousness. Different areas deal with vision, hearing, speech, body image, motor control, and forward planning. They are all linked, but this is not done through one central processor, but by millions of criss-crossing connections. By contrast, human consciousness seems to be unified. A successful science of consciousness must therefore explain the contents of consciousness, the continuity of consciousness, and the self who is conscious. Research linking consciousness to brain function is discussed along with conditions such as synaesthesia, blindsight, stroke damage, and amnesia.

What is the body schema?

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Frédérique de Vignemont ◽  
Victor Pitron ◽  
Adrian J. T. Alsmith
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Body Schema ◽  
General Term ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Detailed Characterization ◽  
Body Representations ◽  
Local Body

The body schema is commonly defined as the representation of a body for action. But what do we mean exactly by that? What makes the body schema so special? The type of information that it represents? The way this information is represented? Or the function of the representation? And is there more than one type of body schema? There is a sense indeed in which the term ‘body schema’ is ambiguous, in that it functions as a general term that groups together various body representations intervening at different stages in motor control, representing short- or long-term properties, used for positive or negative affordances. In addition, one might want to distinguish between local body schemata, which represent body parts, and a global body schema, which represents the body as a whole. But is this latter holistic representation really necessary? Here this chapter will present a detailed characterization of the manifold of representational processes involved in what we commonly refer to as the body schema, as well as the key mechanisms that contribute to their construal.

Why we can talk, debate, and change our minds: Neural circuits, basal ganglia operations, and transcriptional factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 561-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Lieberman
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Parkinson Disease ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Pathway Model ◽  
Human Motor Control ◽  
Dual Pathway ◽  
Human Motor

AbstractAckermann et al. disregard attested knowledge concerning aphasia, Parkinson disease, cortical-to-striatal circuits, basal ganglia, laryngeal phonation, and other matters. Their dual-pathway model cannot account for “what is special about the human brain.” Their human cortical-to-laryngeal neural circuit does not exist. Basal ganglia operations, enhanced by mutations on FOXP2, confer human motor-control, linguistic, and cognitive capabilities.

scholarly journals Sulcal Morphology in Cingulate Cortex is Associated with Voluntary Oro-Facial Motor Control and Gestural Communication in Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D Hopkins ◽  
Emmanuel Procyk ◽  
Michael Petrides ◽  
Steven J Schapiro ◽  
Mary Catherine Mareno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Anterior Portion ◽  
Opposite Pattern ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Right

Abstract Individual differences in sulcal variation within the anterior and mid-cingulate cortex of the human brain, particularly the presence or absence of a paracingulate sulcus (PCGS), are associated with various motor and cognitive processes. Recently, it has been reported that chimpanzees possess a PCGS, previously thought to be a unique feature of the human brain. Here, we examined whether individual variation in the presence or absence of a PCGS as well as the variability in the intralimbic sulcus (ILS) are associated with oro-facial motor control, handedness for manual gestures, and sex in a sample of MRI scans obtained in 225 chimpanzees. Additionally, we quantified the depth of the cingulate sulcus (CGS) along the anterior–posterior axis and tested for association with oro-facial motor control, handedness, and sex. Chimpanzees with better oro-facial motor control were more likely to have a PCGS, particularly in the left hemisphere compared to those with poorer control. Male chimpanzees with better oro-facial motor control showed increased leftward asymmetries in the depth of the anterior CGS, whereas female chimpanzees showed the opposite pattern. Significantly, more chimpanzees had an ILS in the left compared to the right hemisphere, but variability in this fold was not associated with sex, handedness, or oro-facial motor control. Finally, significant population-level leftward asymmetries were found in the anterior portion of the CGS, whereas significant rightward biases were evident in the posterior regions. The collective results suggest that the emergence of a PCGS and enhanced gyrification within the anterior and mid-cingulate gyrus may have directly or indirectly evolved in response to selection for increasing oro-facial motor control in primates.

Predictionof Motor Control Area of Human Brain Using Wavelet Decomposition and fNIRS Signal

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-221
Author(s):  
Tran Trang ◽  
◽  
Nguyen Nghia ◽  
Pham Nhan ◽  
Huynh Dung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Wavelet Decomposition ◽  
Control Area

Evaluation of Causal Influences in Model of Motor Control in Left Hands Movement-Readiness State

2012 ◽  
Vol 195-196 ◽  
pp. 418-423
Author(s):  
Yu Qing Wang ◽  
Hua Fu Chen ◽  
Ling Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Motor Control ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Functional Coupling ◽  
Functional Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cingulate Motor Area

The previous research revealed some functional coupling among nodes in model of motor control in human brain, which described nondirectional synchronous actions among these nodes during movement-readiness state. However, causal relationships among these nodes were still lack, which represented some directional interactions among these nodes in movement-readiness state. In the present study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and conditional Granger causality (CGC) method to investigate the interactions in model of motor control in movement-readiness state. Our result showed that upper precuneus and cingulate motor area revealed net causal influences with contralateral supplementary motor areas and contralateral caudate nucleus during the left hands movement-readiness state. Moreover, the results of Out-In degrees indicated that bilateral primary sensorimotor areas revealed competitive relationship during left hands movement-readiness.

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