Common and distinct neural substrates of attentional control in an integrated Simon and spatial Stroop task as assessed by event-related fMRI

NeuroImage ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1097-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Liu ◽  
Marie T Banich ◽  
Benjamin L Jacobson ◽  
Jody L Tanabe
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Spatial Stroop

An Electrophysiological Investigation of Preparatory Attentional Control in a Spatial Stroop Task

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1004-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily R. Stern ◽  
Jennifer A. Mangels
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Stimulus Presentation ◽  
Verbal Stimulus ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Manual Response ◽  
Preparatory Attention ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Spatial Stroop

Top-down attentional control is required when subjects must attend to one of multiple conflicting stimulus features, such as in the Stroop task. Performance may be improved when such control is implemented in advance of stimulus presentation, yet few studies have examined this issue. Our investigation employed a spatial Stroop task with a manual response, allowing us to focus on the effects of preparatory attention on verbal processing when it is the less automatic attribute. A letter cue (P or W) presented for 2200 msec instructed subjects to respond on the basis of the position or meaning of a word (up, down, left, right) placed in an incongruent position relative to center. Event-related potentials recorded during pre- and poststimulus periods were analyzed as a function of reaction time to the target stimulus (fast vs. slow) in order to differentiate neural activity associated with more or less successful implementation of control. During the prestimulus period, fast responses to subsequent targets were associated with enhanced slow-wave activity over right frontal and bilateral central-parietal regions. During the poststimulus period, fast word trials were uniquely associated with an enhanced inferior temporal negativity (ITN) from 200 to 600 msec. More importantly, a correlation between frontal prestimulus activity and the poststimulus ITN suggested that frontal preparatory activity played a role in facilitating conceptual processing of the verbal stimulus when it arrived, providing an important link between preparatory attention and mechanisms that improve performance in the face of conflict.

scholarly journals Changes of Structural and Functional Attention Control Networks in Subclinical Hypothyroidism

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingjing Yin ◽  
Lei Xie ◽  
DongXue Luo ◽  
Jinzhuang Huang ◽  
Ruiwei Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Subclinical Hypothyroidism ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Attention Control ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Control Networks

Objective: This study aimed to explore the structural changes in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and to investigate the altered attentional control networks using functional MRI (fMRI) during the performance of a modified Stroop task with Chinese characters.Methods: High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted images and an fMRI scan were taken from 18 patients with SCH and 18 matched control subjects. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment Chinese-revised (MoCA-CR) and the Stroop task were used to evaluate the cognitive and attention control of the participants.Results: Compared to controls, the VBM results showed decreased gray matter volumes (GMVs) in bilateral prefrontal cortices (PFCs, including middle, medial, and inferior frontal gyri), cingulate gyrus, precuneus, left middle temporal gyrus, and insula in patients with SCH. The fMRI results showed a distributed network of brain regions in both groups, consisting of PFCs (including superior and middle and inferior frontal cortices), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus, as well as the insula and caudate nucleus. Compared to controls, the SCH group had lower activation of the above brain areas, especially during the color-naming task. In addition, the normalized GMV (nGMV) was negatively correlated with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level (r = −0.722, p < 0.001).Conclusion: Results indicate that patients with SCH exhibit reduced GMVs, altered BOLD signals, and activation in regions associated with attention control, which further suggest that patients with SCH may have attentional control deficiency, and the weakened PFC–ACC–precuneus brain network might be one of the neural mechanisms. Negative correlations between nGMV and TSH suggest that TSH elevation may induce abnormalities in the cortex.

scholarly journals Anxiety, emotional distraction, and attentional control in the Stroop task.

Emotion ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eyal Kalanthroff ◽  
Avishai Henik ◽  
Nazanin Derakshan ◽  
Marius Usher
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Emotional Distraction

scholarly journals Finding an interaction between Stroop congruency and flanker congruency requires a large congruency effect: A within-trial combination of conflict tasks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alodie Rey-Mermet
Keyword(s):  
Stroop Task ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Congruency Effect ◽  
Flanker Task ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Central Character ◽  
Vocal Responses

Responding to a conflict is assumed to trigger attentional-control processes, that is, processes that enable us to activate goal-relevant information and to inhibit irrelevant information. Typically, conflict is induced in tasks, such as the Stroop task (which requires identifying the color of color words) or the flanker task (which requires identifying a central character among flankers). Combining the conflicts within the same trial has been found to result in an interaction in reaction times (RTs), suggesting a generalization of attentional control. However, this interaction was observed when the congruency effect was substantial, that is, when the RT difference between incongruent trials (e.g., the word “green” printed in red for the Stroop task) and congruent trials (e.g., the word “red” printed in red) was large. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether a large congruency effect is the necessary condition for observing the interaction. To this end, Stroop and flanker tasks were combined, and participants were asked to respond to the color of central letter/word while ignoring the flanking letters/words. The magnitude of the congruency effect was increased: (a) by testing older adults (Exp. 1), (b) by manipulating the proportion of trials in which participants were asked to respond to the word meaning (Exp. 2), and (c) by using vocal responses (Exp. 3). The results showed an interaction when the Stroop congruency effect was large. Therefore, such interactions can be used to validate or invalidate theoretical explanations only when the precondition – a large congruency effect – is fulfilled.

scholarly journals Combined Electrophysiological and Behavioral Evidence for the Suppression of Salient Distractors

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1265-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Gaspelin ◽  
Steven J. Luck
Keyword(s):  
Visual Attention ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Behavioral Measure ◽  
Distractor Item ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Attentional Control Settings ◽  
Behavioral Studies ◽  
Behavioral Evidence

Researchers have long debated how salient-but-irrelevant features guide visual attention. Pure stimulus-driven theories claim that salient stimuli automatically capture attention irrespective of goals, whereas pure goal-driven theories propose that an individual's attentional control settings determine whether salient stimuli capture attention. However, recent studies have suggested a hybrid model in which salient stimuli attract visual attention but can be actively suppressed by top–down attentional mechanisms. Support for this hybrid model has primarily come from ERP studies demonstrating that salient stimuli, which fail to capture attention, also elicit a distractor positivity (PD) component, a putative neural index of suppression. Other support comes from a handful of behavioral studies showing that processing at the salient locations is inhibited compared with other locations. The current study was designed to link the behavioral and neural evidence by combining ERP recordings with an experimental paradigm that provides a behavioral measure of suppression. We found that, when a salient distractor item elicited the PD component, processing at the location of this distractor was suppressed below baseline levels. Furthermore, the magnitude of behavioral suppression and the magnitude of the PD component covaried across participants. These findings provide a crucial connection between the behavioral and neural measures of suppression, which opens the door to using the PD component to assess the timing and neural substrates of the behaviorally observed suppression.

scholarly journals Brain oscillations in cognitive control: A cross-sectional study with a spatial stroop task

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 ◽  
pp. 107190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Tafuro ◽  
Ettore Ambrosini ◽  
Olga Puccioni ◽  
Antonino Vallesi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Stroop Task ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Brain Oscillations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spatial Stroop
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document