Limited functional convergence of eye-specific inputs in the retinogeniculate pathway of the mouse

Neuron ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Bauer ◽  
Simon Weiler ◽  
Martin H.P. Fernholz ◽  
David Laubender ◽  
Volker Scheuss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Convergence

scholarly journals Current Knowledge of Endolysosomal and Autophagy Defects in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1678
Author(s):  
Liriopé Toupenet Marchesi ◽  
Marion Leblanc ◽  
Giovanni Stevanin
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Spastic Paraplegia ◽  
Functional Convergence ◽  
The Common ◽  
Hsp Genes

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) refers to a group of neurological disorders involving the degeneration of motor neurons. Due to their clinical and genetic heterogeneity, finding common effective therapeutics is difficult. Therefore, a better understanding of the common pathological mechanisms is necessary. The role of several HSP genes/proteins is linked to the endolysosomal and autophagic pathways, suggesting a functional convergence. Furthermore, impairment of these pathways is particularly interesting since it has been linked to other neurodegenerative diseases, which would suggest that the nervous system is particularly sensitive to the disruption of the endolysosomal and autophagic systems. In this review, we will summarize the involvement of HSP proteins in the endolysosomal and autophagic pathways in order to clarify their functioning and decipher some of the pathological mechanisms leading to HSP.

scholarly journals TAL Effector Repertoires of Strains of Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis in Commercial Cassava Crops Reveal High Diversity at the Country Scale

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Zárate-Chaves ◽  
Daniela Osorio-Rodríguez ◽  
Rubén E. Mora ◽  
Álvaro L. Pérez-Quintero ◽  
Alexis Dereeper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Susceptibility Gene ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Cassava Bacterial Blight ◽  
Functional Convergence ◽  
Neutral Genetic Diversity ◽  
Functional Variant ◽  
Novel Variants ◽  
Host Metabolism

Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) play a significant role for pathogenesis in several xanthomonad pathosystems. Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. manihotis (Xpm), the causal agent of Cassava Bacterial Blight (CBB), uses TALEs to manipulate host metabolism. Information about Xpm TALEs and their target genes in cassava is scarce, but has been growing in the last few years. We aimed to characterize the TALE diversity in Colombian strains of Xpm and to screen for TALE-targeted gene candidates. We selected eighteen Xpm strains based on neutral genetic diversity at a country scale to depict the TALE diversity among isolates from cassava productive regions. RFLP analysis showed that Xpm strains carry TALomes with a bimodal size distribution, and affinity-based clustering of the sequenced TALEs condensed this variability mainly into five clusters. We report on the identification of 13 novel variants of TALEs in Xpm, as well as a functional variant with 22 repeats that activates the susceptibility gene MeSWEET10a, a previously reported target of TAL20Xam668. Transcriptomics and EBE prediction analyses resulted in the selection of several TALE-targeted candidate genes and two potential cases of functional convergence. This study provides new bases for assessing novel potential TALE targets in the Xpm–cassava interaction, which could be important factors that define the fate of the infection.

scholarly journals Alpine plant communities of Tibet and Caucasus: in quest of functional convergence

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana G. Elumeeva ◽  
◽  
Vladimir G. Onipchenko ◽  
Elena N. Rovnaia ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Alpine Plant ◽  
Functional Convergence ◽  
Alpine Plant Communities

Innovative 3D Structures Utilizing Wafer Level Fan-Out (WLFO) Technology

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (DPC) ◽  
pp. 001486-001519
Author(s):  
Curtis Zwenger ◽  
JinYoung Khim ◽  
YoonJoo Khim ◽  
SeWoong Cha ◽  
SeungJae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Wafer Level ◽  
3D Structures ◽  
Wafer Level Packaging ◽  
Functional Convergence ◽  
3D Packaging ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
On Chip ◽  
Mobile Handset

The tremendous growth in the mobile handset, tablet, and networking markets has been fueled by consumer demand for increased mobility, functionality, and ease of use. This, in turn, has been driving an increase in functional convergence and 3D integration of IC devices, resulting in the need for more complex and sophisticated packaging techniques. A variety of advanced IC interconnect technologies are addressing this growing need, such as Thru Silicon Via (TSV), Chip-on Chip (CoC), and Package-on-Package (PoP). In particular, the emerging Wafer Level Fan-Out (WLFO) technology provides unique and innovative extensions into the 3D packaging realm. Wafer Level Fan-Out is a package technology designed to provide increased I/O density within a reduced footprint and profile for low density single & multi-die applications at a lower cost. The improved design capability of WLFO is due, in part, to the fine feature capabilities associated with wafer level packaging. This can allow much more aggressive design rules to be applied compared to competing laminate-based technologies. In addition, the unique characteristics of WLFO enable innovative 3D structures to be created that address the need for IC integration in emerging mobile and networking applications. This paper will review the development of WLFO and its extension into unique 3D structures. In addition, the advantages of these WLFO designs will be reviewed in comparison to current competing packaging technologies. Process & material characterization, design simulation, and reliability data will be presented to show how WLFO is poised to provide robust, reliable, and low cost 3D packaging solutions for advanced mobile and networking products.

scholarly journals Comparative transcriptomics of the venoms of continental and insular radiations of West African cones

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1929) ◽  
pp. 20200794
Author(s):  
Samuel Abalde ◽  
Manuel J. Tenorio ◽  
Carlos M. L. Afonso ◽  
Rafael Zardoya
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
West African ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Functional Convergence ◽  
Venom Glands ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
The Common ◽  
Secreted Peptides

The transcriptomes of the venom glands of 13 closely related species of vermivorous cones endemic to West Africa from genera Africonus and Varioconus were sequenced and venom repertoires compared within a phylogenetic framework using one Kalloconus species as outgroup. The total number of conotoxin precursors per species varied between 108 and 221. Individuals of the same species shared about one-fourth of the total conotoxin precursors. The number of common sequences was drastically reduced in the pairwise comparisons between closely related species, and the phylogenetical signal was totally eroded at the inter-generic level (no sequence was identified as shared derived), due to the intrinsic high variability of these secreted peptides. A common set of four conotoxin precursor superfamilies (T, O1, O2 and M) was expanded in all studied cone species, and thus, they are considered the basic venom toolkit for hunting and defense in the West African vermivorous cone snails. Maximum-likelihood ancestral character reconstructions inferred shared conotoxin precursors preferentially at internal nodes close to the tips of the phylogeny (between individuals and between closely related species) as well as in the common ancestor of Varioconus . Besides the common toolkit, the two genera showed significantly distinct catalogues of conotoxin precursors in terms of type of superfamilies present and the abundance of members per superfamily, but had similar relative expression levels indicating functional convergence. Differential expression comparisons between vermivorous and piscivorous cones highlighted the importance of the A and S superfamilies for fish hunting and defense.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document