Leptin, adiponectin, and short-term and long-term weight loss after a lifestyle intervention in obese children

Nutrition ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 851-857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Siegrist ◽  
Melanie Rank ◽  
Bernd Wolfarth ◽  
Helmut Langhof ◽  
Bernhard Haller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Effects of an intensive short-term diet and exercise intervention: comparison between normal-weight and obese children

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (5) ◽  
pp. R552-R557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian K. Roberts ◽  
Ali Izadpanah ◽  
Siddhartha S. Angadi ◽  
R. James Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Phenotypic Changes

Lifestyle intervention programs currently emphasize weight loss secondary to obesity as the primary determinant of phenotypic changes. We examined whether the effects of a short-term lifestyle intervention program differ in normal-weight versus overweight/obese children. Nineteen overweight/obese (O; BMI = 33.6 ± 1.9 kg/m2) and 14 normal-weight (N; BMI = 19.9 ± 1.5 kg/m2) children participated in a 2-wk program consisting of an ad libitum high-fiber, low-fat diet and daily exercise (2–2.5 h). Fasting serum samples were taken pre- and postintervention for determination of lipids, glucose homeostasis, inflammatory cytokines, and adipokines. Only the O group lost weight (3.9%) but remained overweight/obese (32.3 ± 1.9 kg/m2). Both groups exhibited significant intervention-induced decreases ( P < 0.05) in serum insulin (N: 52.5% vs. O: 28.1%; between groups, P = 0.38), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (N: 53.1% vs. O: 28.4%, P = 0.43), leptin (N: 69.3% vs. O: 44.1%, P = 0.10), amylin (N: 28.7% vs. O: 26.1%, P = 0.80), resistin (N: 40.0% vs. O: 35.1%, P = 0.99), plasminogen activator-inhibitor-1 (N: 30.8% vs. O: 25.6%, P = 0.59), IL-6 (N: 58.8% vs. O: 48.5%, P = 0.78), IL-8 (N: 46.0% vs. O: 42.2%, P = 0.49), and TNFα (N: 45.8% vs. O: 40.8%, P = 0.99). No associations between indices of weight change and phenotypic changes were noted. A short-term, intensive lifestyle modification program is effective in ameliorating metabolic risk factors in N and O children. These results suggest that obesity per se was not the primary driver of the phenotypes noted and that dietary intake and physical inactivity induce the phenotypic abnormalities. These data may have implications for the weight loss-independent management of cardiometabolic risk in pediatric populations.

scholarly journals Improvements in Long-Term Appetite-Regulating Hormones in Response to a Combined Lifestyle Intervention for Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A489-A490
Author(s):  
Susanne Kuckuck
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Lifestyle Intervention ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Initial Weight Loss ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Adiposity Signals ◽  
Term Energy

Abstract Altered levels of hormonal appetite regulators have been observed in obesity (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2), most prominently increases of insulin and leptin (indicating resistance) as well as decreases of adiponectin - all of which are long-term energy regulators and adiposity signals. Disrupted signaling of these hormones may have detrimental effects on metabolism, but may also promote weight gain. Weight loss is often accompanied by normalizations of long-term adiposity signals, but findings concerning short-term appetite regulators after weight loss vary across interventions (e.g. very low calorie diets vs. exercise). Moreover, it is debated whether such weight-loss-induced hormonal changes may reflect a disposition for weight regain. Here, we investigated changes of long- and short-term appetite signals in response to an intensive 75-week combined lifestyle intervention (CLI) comprising a normocaloric healthy diet, physical activity and psychotherapy to promote improved long-term weight management. For 39 patients, data on fasting serum levels of appetite-regulating hormones (leptin, insulin, adiponectin, GIP, PP, PYY, CCK, FGF21) were available. Hormone levels were correlated to BMI at baseline (T0) and compared across three time points: T0, T1 (after 10 weeks; initial weight loss) and T2 (after 75 weeks; weight loss maintenance). T0-T1 hormone changes were correlated to BMI changes between T1 and T2 to investigate whether hormonal alterations during initial weight loss are associated with weight regain. At T0, hormone levels were not associated with BMI. BMI decreased significantly from T0 (40.13 kg/m2 ± 5.7) to T1 (38.2 ± 5.4, p &lt; .001) which was maintained at T2 (38.2 kg/m2 ± 5.9, p &lt; .001). There were no significant changes in GIP, PP, PYY, CCK and FGF21. Leptin decreased from T0 (44.9 ng/nl ± 15.3) to T1 (33 ng/nl ± 14.8, p &lt; .001) and T2 (38.6 ng/nl ± 16.0, p &lt; .01), just like insulin which was significantly decreased at T1 (123 pmol/l ± 65, p &lt; .05) and T2 (128 pmol/l ± 64, p &lt; .05) compared to T0 (160 pmol/l ± 80). Adiponectin did not change between T0 (3.36 ug/ml ± 2.1) and T1 (3.2 ug/ml ± 2.1), but was increased at T2 (3.7 ug/ml ± 2.9, p &lt; .01) compared to T1. T0-T2 BMI decrease correlated positively with T0-T2 decreases in leptin (r = .667, p &lt; .001), insulin (rho = .535, p &lt; .001) and increases of adiponectin (r = .412, p &lt; .01), but no other hormone. T0-T1 hormone changes did not predict T1-T2 BMI changes. Thus, a 75-week CLI was associated with beneficial changes in the long-term energy regulators adiponectin, leptin and insulin, but no changes in short-term appetite-regulating hormones were observed despite significant weight loss. Initial changes in appetite-regulating hormones were not associated with subsequent weight regain. Overall, our data suggest that a CLI does not lead to adverse changes in appetite regulation, but rather long-term improvements such as e.g. increased leptin and insulin sensitivity.

Short-term weight loss after hospitalization predicts long-term survival in patients with chronic heart failure

2006 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Lainscak ◽  
S von Haehling ◽  
A Sandek ◽  
I Keber ◽  
M Kerbev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Long Term Survival

Abstract P290: Short-term Weight Change and Long-term Mortality in the Trials of Hypertension Prevention

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy R Cook ◽  
Lawrence J Appel ◽  
Paul K Whelton
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Total Mortality ◽  
Weight Loss Intervention ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hypertension Prevention ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Introduction: Although weight loss has favorable effects on intermediate outcomes, such as blood pressure and insulin resistance, few studies have examined its effects on long-term outcomes including total mortality. Methods: In the Trials of Hypertension Prevention (TOHP) individuals aged 30-54 years with high normal BP were randomized to a weight loss intervention, to one of several other lifestyle or dietary supplement interventions, or to usual care. All participants from Phase 1 (1987-90) and Phase 2 (1990-5) were followed for mortality through 2013. The association of weight change during any of the interventions with long-term mortality up to 18-24 years after the trial periods was examined among 3828 participants who fell into a high baseline weight stratum, defined as body mass index at least 26 kg/m2 in men and 24 kg/m2 in women. Results and Conclusions: There were 1477 high-weight participants in Phase 1 and 2351 in Phase 2, of whom 21% and 50%, respectively, were assigned to a weight loss intervention. Overall, mean weight change during the trial period was -1.8 lbs (-0.8% of baseline body weight) over 1.5 years in Phase 1 and 1.6 lbs (0.8%) over 3-4 years in Phase 2. A total of 556 (15%) lost > 5%, 1,101 (29%) lost <=5%, 1,567 (41%) gained less than 5%, and 604 (16%) gained > 5% in body weight. Corresponding hazard ratios (HRs) for total mortality were 0.82 (95% confidence interval (CI)=0.57-1.18), 0.94 (95% CI=0.72-1.23), 1.00 (reference), and 1.29 (95% CI=0.92-1.80) (p-trend = 0.046). There was a direct linear relationship with percent change in weight during the trial period and later mortality (HR=1.14 per 5% change, 95% CI=1.02-1.28, p=0.019). This association persisted throughout the course of mortality follow-up (Figure). In these healthy individuals taking part in lifestyle and nutrition supplement trials , short-term weight change was directly associated with mortality about two decades later. These results are consistent with a long-term beneficial effect of presumed intentional weight loss on total mortality.

Clinical Trial of Herbal Formula on Weight Loss in Obese Korean Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (05) ◽  
pp. 713-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Hee Yoo ◽  
Eui-Ju Lee ◽  
Chang-Kyu Kwak ◽  
Eun-Hae Sohn ◽  
Byung-Hee Koh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Short Term Effects

A traditional Korean herbal formula (KH), which is based on Taeumjowi-tang, is currently the most widely used herbal formula in Korea. In this study, KH was administered to obese children for 30 days, and was found to be clinically safe and effective. The subjects were children admitted to hospital to be treated for obesity with relative body weights (%RBW) of 20% or more. Originally, there were 31 subjects, but nine dropped out during the experiment. There were eight girls and 14 boys, whose average age was 11.00 ± 2.62 years, average weight was 53.37 ± 17.29 kg , and average period (30-day amount) of KH dosage was 51.18 ± 22.58 days.The short-term effects of KH on obese children were the reduction of their BMI from 24.34 ± 3.10 to 23.26 ± 3.00 kg/m2, of %RBW from 34.41 ± 10.90 to 25.94 ± 11.18% ( p < 0.01), of body fat mass from 17.99 ± 5.37 to 16.50 ± 4.82 kg , and of body fat from 34.16 ± 3.75 to 32.08 ± 3.15% ( p < 0.01). Concerning anthropometrical measurements, abdominal skin-fold decreased from 26.16 ± 9.08 to 22.90 ± 8.35 mm , as did subscapular skin-fold from 20.86 ± 5.20 to 18.46 ± 5.31 mm ( p < 0.01). In terms of serum lipid levels, which are indices of heart disease, their total cholesterol decreased from 195.38 ± 31.39 to 183.25 ± 33.27 mg/dl , the arteriosclerosis index from 4.100 ± 0.81 to 3.84 ± 0.64 mg/dl ( p < 0.05), and serum leptin level from 14.91 ± 6.59 to 12.24 ± 4.98 ng/ml ( p < 0.01). Concerning the safety of KH, there were no significant changes in the subjects' livers, hearts, or kidneys. Nor were there any short-term signs of clinically serious side effects or withdrawal symptoms observed. The short-term effects of KH on obese children are weight loss and a decrease in obesity.

Session 23: Maintaining Motivation

2016 ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Evan M. Forman ◽  
Meghan L. Butryn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Hard Work ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Self Monitoring ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Weight Control Behaviors ◽  
Motivate Behavior ◽  
Do So

This chapter (Session 23) discusses how to maintain long-term motivation for weight control by focusing on the importance of values to motivate behavior, even if short-term reward of weight control behaviors is decreasing (e.g., weight loss is slowing, self-monitoring is becoming tiresome). Clients are encouraged to view the hard work of weight control as working toward their values and to use the skill of willingness to continue to engage in healthy behaviors, even when it is difficult uncomfortable to do so.

Laboratory screening in overweight/obese adolescents: do the results change the management?

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshmi Morris ◽  
Ronald Feinstein ◽  
Martin Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Short Term

Abstract Due to the growth of the epidemic of obesity and the association of obesity with both short-term and long-term medical complications, many professional organizations have recommended performing laboratory testing as part of the initial evaluation of overweight and obese children and adolescents. We report on the results of laboratory testing performed on 110 patients (mean age 14.0 years, range 8–20 years) referred to our weight management program between 2011 and 2013. Our results showed mild abnormalities in levels of cholesterol, glucose, liver enzymes, and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) in fewer than 5% of patients for each test and no changes in management based on these results for any of the patients. We call for re-consideration of the recommendations for laboratory testing in children and adolescents being evaluated and treated for overweight and obesity.

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