On the relationship between side of onset and cognition in Parkinson disease: Response from the authors

AbstractBackground: Parkinson disease (PD) presents with motor and non-motor symptoms (NMS). The NMS often precede the onset of motor symptoms, but may progress throughout the disease course. Tremor dominant, postural instability gait difficulty (PIGD), and indeterminate phenotypes can be distinguished using Unified PD Rating scales (UPDRS-III). We hypothesized that the PIGD phenotype would be more likely to develop NMS, and that the non-dopamine–responsive axial signs would correlate with NMS severity. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional chart review to assess the relationship between NMS and PD motor phenotypes. PD patients were administered the NMS Questionnaire, the UPDRS-III, and the Mini-Mental State Examination score. The relationship between NMS burden and PD subtypes was examined using linear regression models. The prevalence of each NMS among difference PD motor subtypes was analyzed using chi-square test. Results: PD patients with more advanced disease based on their UPDRS-III had higher NMS Questionnaire scores. The axial component of UPDRS-III correlated with higher NMS. There was no correlation between NMS and tremor scores. There was a significant correlation between PIGD score and higher NMS burden. PIGD group had higher prevalence in most NMS domains when compared with tremor dominant and indeterminate groups independent of disease duration and severity. Conclusions: NMS profile and severity vary according to motor phenotype. We conclude that in the PD population, patients with a PIGD phenotype who have more axial involvement, associated with advanced disease and poor motor response, have a higher risk for a higher NMS burden.

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PS-14-11 The relationship between velocity of movement and movement-related cortical potentials (MRCPs) in patients with spinocerebellar degeneration and parkinson disease

Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology/Electromyography and Motor Control ◽

10.1016/0924-980x(95)92860-o ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

pp. S120

Author(s):

Washimi Yukihiko ◽

Chiyuki Mabuchi ◽

Kouichi Saitou ◽

Nobuo Sakurai ◽

Yasuo Koike

Keyword(s):

Parkinson Disease ◽

Spinocerebellar Degeneration ◽

The Relationship ◽

Cortical Potentials

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Comparison study of sixteen differential abundance testing methods using two large Parkinson disease gut microbiome datasets

10.1101/2021.02.24.432717 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Zachary D Wallen

Keyword(s):

Parkinson Disease ◽

Gut Microbiome ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Statistical Tests ◽

Testing Methods ◽

Differential Abundance ◽

Healthy State ◽

Microbiome Data ◽

Log Ratio ◽

The Relationship

Background: When studying the relationship between the microbiome and a disease, a common question asked is what individual microbes are differentially abundant between a disease and healthy state. Numerous differential abundance (DA) testing methods exist and range from standard statistical tests to methods specifically designed for microbiome data. Comparison studies of DA testing methods have been performed, but none were performed on microbiome datasets collected for the study of real, complex disease. Due to this, we performed DA testing of microbial genera using 16 DA methods in two large, uniformly collected gut microbiome datasets on Parkinson disease (PD), and compared their results. Results: Pairwise concordances between methods ranged from 46%-99% similarity. Average pairwise concordance per dataset was 76%, and dropped to 62% when taking replication of signals across datasets into account. Certain methods consistently resulted in above average concordances (e.g. Kruskal-Wallis, ALDEx2, GLM with centered-log-ratio transform), while others consistently resulted in lower than average concordances (e.g. edgeR, fitZIG). Overall, ~80% of genera tested were detected as differentially abundant by at least one method in each dataset. Requiring associations to replicate across datasets reduced significant signals by almost half. Further requirement of signals to be replicated by the majority of methods (≥8) yielded 19 associations. Only one genus (Agathobacter) was replicated by all methods. Use of hierarchical clustering revealed three groups of DA signatures that were (1) replicated by the majority of methods and included genera previously associated with PD, (2) replicated by few or no methods, and (3) replicated by a subset of methods and included rarer genera, all enriched in PD. Conclusions: Differential abundance tests yielded varied results. Using one method on one dataset may find true associations, but may also detect non-reproducible signals, adding to inconsistency in the literature. To help lower false positives, one might analyze data with two or more DA methods to gauge concordance, and use a built-in replication dataset to show reproducibility. This study corroborated previously reported microorganism associations in PD, and revealed a potential new group of microorganisms whose abundance is significantly elevated in PD, and might be worth pursuing in future investigations.

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Startle Habituation and Midfrontal Theta Activity in Parkinson Disease

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience ◽

10.1162/jocn_a_01012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (12) ◽

pp. 1923-1932 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Kuan-Hua Chen ◽

Katrina L. Okerstrom ◽

Jonathan R. Kingyon ◽

Steven W. Anderson ◽

James F. Cavanagh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Parkinson Disease ◽

Theta Activity ◽

Related Activity ◽

Aversive Stimuli ◽

Control Signals ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Startle Habituation ◽

The Relationship ◽

Insight Into

The ability to adapt to aversive stimuli is critical for mental health. Here, we investigate the relationship between habituation to startling stimuli and startle-related activity in medial frontal cortex as measured by EEG in both healthy control participants and patients with Parkinson disease (PD). We report three findings. First, patients with PD exhibited normal initial startle responses but reduced startle habituation relative to demographically matched controls. Second, control participants had midfrontal EEG theta activity in response to startling stimuli, and this activity was attenuated in patients with PD. Finally, startle-related midfrontal theta activity was correlated with the rate of startle habituation. These data indicate that impaired startle habituation in PD is a result of attenuated midfrontal cognitive control signals. Our findings could provide insight into the frontal regulation of startle habituation.

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The relationship between ON-Freezing of Parkinson disease and Sensory Organization

Parkinsonism & Related Disorders ◽

10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.06.434 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 ◽

pp. e120

Author(s):

J.H. Park ◽

H.C. Ahn ◽

T.K. Lee

Keyword(s):

Parkinson Disease ◽

Sensory Organization ◽

The Relationship

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Abstract TP165: Associations Between Parkinson Disease and Stroke

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.48.suppl_1.tp165 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 48 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Benjamin R Kummer ◽

Ashley E Aaroe ◽

Hooman Kamel ◽

Costantino Iadecola ◽

Babak B Navi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Parkinson Disease ◽

Proportional Hazards ◽

Cox Proportional Hazards ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

Annual Incidence ◽

Vascular Risk ◽

Medicare Beneficiaries ◽

The Relationship

Introduction: Cerebral ischemia and vascular risk factors are associated with the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). While Parkinson disease (PD) is also a common neurodegenerative condition, the relationship between ischemic stroke and PD remains unclear. Some evidence suggests a shared pathogenic pathway between both diseases. Methods: We used inpatient and outpatient claims data from 2008-2014 in a 5% sample of Medicare beneficiaries ≥66 years of age. Our variables of interest were: 1) a hospital-based diagnosis of ischemic stroke and 2) an outpatient or hospital-based diagnosis of idiopathic PD. Previously validated ICD-9-CM code algorithms were used to identify all diagnoses. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to characterize the relationship between ischemic stroke and PD, while adjusting for demographics and vascular risk factors. We assessed both the association between PD and subsequent stroke, as well as stroke and subsequent PD. In a separate but identically designed set of analyses, we characterized the relationship between ischemic stroke and AD as a point of comparison. Results: Our analysis encompassed nearly 1.6 million patients with a mean age of 73(+/- 8) years, of whom 57% were female. The annual incidence of ischemic stroke was 1.75% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.67-1.85%) after a diagnosis of PD versus 0.96% (95% CI, 0.96-0.97%) in those without PD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.25; 95% CI, 1.19-1.32). In contrast, the annual incidence of ischemic stroke was 1.96% (95% CI, 1.89-2.03%) after a diagnosis of AD versus 0.96% (95% CI, 0.96-0.97%) in those without AD (aHR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.95-1.02). The annual incidence of PD was 0.97% (95% CI, 0.92-1.03%) after ischemic stroke versus 0.39% (95% CI, 0.38-0.39%) in those without ischemic stroke (aHR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.53-1.72). In contrast, the annual incidence of AD was 3.66% (95% CI, 3.56-3.78%) after a diagnosis of ischemic stroke versus 1.17% (95% CI, 1.16-1.17%) in those without ischemic stroke (aHR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.61-1.72). Conclusions: Among Medicare beneficiaries, the relationships between stroke and PD were similar to those between stroke and AD. As in AD, a link may exist between cerebrovascular disease and PD.

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Predictors of Gait Speeds and the Relationship of Gait Speeds to Falls in Men and Women with Parkinson Disease

Parkinson s Disease ◽

10.1155/2013/141720 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Samuel T. Nemanich ◽

Ryan P. Duncan ◽

Leland E. Dibble ◽

James T. Cavanaugh ◽

Terry D. Ellis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parkinson Disease ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Balance Confidence ◽

The Difference ◽

Walking Speeds ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Insight Into

Gait difficulties and falls are commonly reported in people with Parkinson disease (PD). Reduction in gait speed is a major characteristic of Parkinsonian gait, yet little is known about its underlying determinants, its ability to reflect an internal reservation about walking, or its relationship to falls. To study these issues, we selected age, disease severity, and nonmotor factors (i.e., depression, quality of life, balance confidence, and exercise beliefs and attitudes) to predict self-selected (SELF), fast-as-possible (FAST), and the difference (DIFF) between these walking speeds in 78 individuals with PD. We also examined gender differences in gait speeds and evaluated how gait speeds were related to a retrospective fall report. Age, disease severity, and balance confidence were strong predictors of SELF, FAST, and, to a lesser extent, DIFF. All three parameters were strongly associated with falling. DIFF was significantly greater in men compared to women and was significantly associated with male but not female fallers. The results supported the clinical utility of using a suite of gait speed parameters to provide insight into the gait difficulties and differentiating between fallers in people with PD.

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