The impact of motivational interviewing on adherence and symptom severity in adolescents and young adults with chronic illness: A systematic review

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious, multifactorial mental disorder affecting predominantly young females. This systematic review examines neuroimaging findings in adolescents and young adults up to 24 years old, in order to explore alterations associated with disease pathophysiology. Methods: Eligible studies on structural and functional brain neuroimaging were sought systematically in PubMed, CENTRAL and EMBASE databases up to 5 October 2020. Results: Thirty-three studies were included, investigating a total of 587 patients with a current diagnosis of AN and 663 healthy controls (HC). Global and regional grey matter (GM) volume reduction as well as white matter (WM) microstructure alterations were detected. The mainly affected regions were the prefrontal, parietal and temporal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, insula, thalamus and cerebellum as well as various WM tracts such as corona radiata and superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Regarding functional imaging, alterations were pointed out in large-scale brain networks, such as default mode network (DMN), executive control network (ECN) and salience network (SN). Most findings appear to reverse after weight restoration. Specific limitations of neuroimaging studies in still developing individuals are also discussed. Conclusions: Structural and functional alterations are present in the early course of the disease, most of them being partially or totally reversible. Nonetheless, neuroimaging findings have been open to many biological interpretations. Thus, more studies are needed to clarify their clinical significance.

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Generalized Joint Hypermobility and Anxiety in Adolescents and Young Adults, the Impact on Physical and Psychosocial Functioning

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9050525 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 525

Author(s):

Janneke de Vries ◽

Jeanine Verbunt ◽

Janine Stubbe ◽

Bart Visser ◽

Stephan Ramaekers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Pain Catastrophizing ◽

Joint Hypermobility ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

P Value ◽

High Performing ◽

Generalized Joint Hypermobility ◽

The Impact

The purpose of this study was to study the association between the presence of generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) and anxiety within a non-clinical high performing group of adolescents and young adults. Second, to study the impact of GJH and/or anxiety on physical and psychosocial functioning, 168 adolescents and young adults (mean (SD) age 20 (2.9)) were screened. Joint (hyper)mobility, anxiety, and physical and psychosocial functioning were measured. In 48.8% of all high performing adolescents and young adults, GJH was present, whereas 60% had symptoms of anxiety. Linear models controlled for confounders showed that adolescents and young adults with GJH and anxiety had decreased workload (ß (95%CI) −0.43 (−0.8 to −0.08), p-value 0.02), increased fatigue (ß (95%CI) 12.97 (6.3–19.5), p-value < 0.01), and a higher level of pain catastrophizing (ß (95%CI) 4.5 (0.5–8.6), p-value 0.03). Adolescents and young adults with only anxiety had increased fatigue (ß (95%CI) 11 (4.9–19.5). In adolescents and young adults with GJH alone, no impact on physical and psychosocial functioning was found. Adolescents and young adults with the combination of GJH and anxiety were significantly more impaired, showing decreased physical and psychosocial functioning with decreased workload, increased fatigue, and pain catastrophizing. Presence of GJH alone had no negative impact on physical and psychosocial functioning. This study confirms the association between GJH and anxiety, but especially emphasizes the disabling role of anxiety. Screening for anxiety is relevant in adolescents and young adults with GJH and might influence tailored interventions.

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Corrigendum to “Mental health apps for adolescents and young adults: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials” [Child. Youth Serv. Rev. 127 (2021) 106073]

Children and Youth Services Review ◽

10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.106184 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106184

Author(s):

Teghan Leech ◽

Diana Dorstyn ◽

Amanda Taylor ◽

Wenjing Li

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Young Adults ◽

Randomised Controlled Trials ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Health Apps ◽

Randomised Controlled

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Determinants of social functioning among adolescents and young adults with cancer: a systematic review

Psycho-Oncology ◽

10.1002/pon.5740 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Clarissa E. Schilstra ◽

Joanna E. Fardell ◽

Mary A. Burns ◽

Sarah J. Ellis ◽

Antoinette C. Anazodo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Young Adults ◽

Social Functioning ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults

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Quality of life in adolescents and young adults with CHD is not reduced: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cardiology in the Young ◽

10.1017/s104795111500181x ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 415-425 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Morten Schrøder ◽

Kirsten A. Boisen ◽

Jesper Reimers ◽

Grete Teilmann ◽

Jesper Brok

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Young Adults ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Adolescents And Young Adults ◽

Analysis Model ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽

First Time

AbstractPurposeWe performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies assessing quality of life in adolescents and young adults born with CHD compared with age-matched controls.MethodsWe carried out a systematic search of the literature published in Medline, Embase, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Library’s Database (1990–2013); two authors independently extracted data from the included studies. We used the Newcastle–Ottawa scale for quality assessment of studies. A random effects meta-analysis model was used. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2-test.ResultsWe included 18 studies with 1786 patients. The studies were of acceptable-to-good quality. The meta-analysis of six studies on quality of life showed no significant difference – mean difference: −1.31; 95% confidence intervals: −6.51 to +3.89, I2=90.9% – between adolescents and young adults with CHD and controls. Similar results were found in 10 studies not eligible for the meta-analysis. In subdomains, it seems that patients had reduced physical quality of life; however, social functioning was comparable or better compared with controls.ConclusionFor the first time in a meta-analysis, we have shown that quality of life in adolescents and young adults with CHD is not reduced when compared with age-matched controls.

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