Parental Smoking During Pregnancy and Its Association with Low Birth Weight, Small for Gestational Age, and Preterm Birth Offspring: A Birth Cohort Study

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effects of dietary Ca intake and Ca supplementation during pregnancy on low birth weight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA) infants. Design: A birth cohort study was conducted in 2010–2012 at the Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child Care Hospital in Lanzhou, China. Setting: A birth cohort study. Participants: Totally, 9595 pregnant women who came to the hospital for delivery at 20 weeks of gestation or more, and who were 18 years of age or older. Results: Compared with non-users, Ca supplement users had a reduced risk of LBW infants (OR = 0·77, 95 % CI: 0·63, 0·95) and a reduced risk of nulliparous women giving birth to LBW infants (OR = 0·75, 95 % CI: 0·58, 0·98) (P < 0·05). More specifically, both the use of Ca supplement before conception and during pregnancy (OR = 0·44, 95 % CI: 0·19, 0·99) and during pregnancy only (OR = 0·80, 95 % CI: 0·65, 0·99) had the main effect of reducing risk of nulliparous women giving birth to LBW infants (P < 0·05). There was no association between Ca supplementation and SGA (OR = 0·87, 95 % CI: 0·75, 1·01) (P > 0·05). However, higher dietary Ca intake during pregnancy decreases the risk of both LBW (quartile 2: OR = 0·72, 95 % CI: 0·55, 0·94; quartile 3: OR = 0·68, 95 % CI: 0·50, 0·62) and SGA infants (quartile 2: OR = 0·77, 95 % CI: 0·63, 0·95; quartile 3: OR = 0·71, 95 % CI: 0·57, 0·88, quartile 4: OR = 0·71, 95 % CI: 0·57, 0·88) (P < 0·05). Conclusions: Ca supplementation and adequate dietary intake of Ca during pregnancy are associated with a decreased risk of LBW infants born to nulliparous women.

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Pregnancy outcome among HIV-infected women on different antiretroviral therapies in Ethiopia: a cohort study

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027344 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e027344

Author(s):

Yohannes Ejigu ◽

Jeanette H Magnus ◽

Johanne Sundby ◽

Maria C Magnus

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Zidovudine Monotherapy ◽

Increased Risk

ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to compare pregnancy outcomes according to maternal antiretroviral treatment (ART) regimens.DesignA retrospective cohort study.Participants and settingsClinical data was extracted from ART exposed pregnancies of HIV-infected Ethiopian women attending antenatal care follow-up in public health facilities in Addis Ababa between February 2010 and October 2016.OutcomesThe primary outcomes evaluated were preterm birth, low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age.ResultsA total 1663 of pregnancies exposed to ART were included in the analyses. Of these pregnancies, 17% resulted in a preterm birth, 19% in low birth weight and 32% in a small-for-gestational-age baby. Compared with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiated during pregnancy, zidovudine monotherapy was less likely to result in preterm birth (adjusted OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.64) and low birth weight (adjusted OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.94). We observed no differential risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and small-for-gestational-age, when comparing women who initiated HAART during pregnancy to women who initiated HAART before conception. The risk for preterm birth was higher in pregnancies exposed to nevirapine-based HAART (adjusted OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.96) compared with pregnancies exposed to efavirenz-based HAART. Comparing nevirapine-based HAART with efavirenz-based HAART indicated no strong evidence of increased risk of low birth weight or small-for-gestational-age.ConclusionsWe observed a higher risk of preterm birth among women who initiated HAART during pregnancy compared with zidovudine monotherapy. Pregnancies exposed to nevirapine-based HAART also had a greater risk of preterm births compared with efavirenz-based HAART.

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Predictors of low birth weight and preterm birth in rural Uganda: Findings from a birth cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0235626 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (7) ◽

pp. e0235626

Author(s):

Jorick Bater ◽

Jacqueline M. Lauer ◽

Shibani Ghosh ◽

Patrick Webb ◽

Edgar Agaba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Birth Cohort Study

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Relatively Low Maternal Aflatoxin Exposure Is Associated with Small-for-Gestational-Age but Not with Other Birth Outcomes in a Prospective Birth Cohort Study of Nepalese Infants

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxz122 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 149 (10) ◽

pp. 1818-1825 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Johanna Y Andrews-Trevino ◽

Patrick Webb ◽

Gerald Shively ◽

Beatrice L Rogers ◽

Kedar Baral ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Birth Cohort ◽

Birth Outcomes ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Adverse Birth Outcomes ◽

Z Scores

ABSTRACT Background Exposure to aflatoxin has garnered increased attention as a possible contributor to adverse birth outcomes. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the relation of maternal aflatoxin exposure with adverse birth outcomes such as birth weight, birth length, anthropometric z scores, low birth weight (LBW), small-for-gestational-age (SGA), stunting, and preterm birth (PTB). Methods This study used maternal and newborn data from the AflaCohort Study, an ongoing birth cohort study in Banke, Nepal (n = 1621). Data on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-lysine adducts in maternal serum were collected once during pregnancy (at mean ± SD: 136 ± 43 d of gestation). Maternal serum AFB1-lysine adduct concentration was measured via HPLC. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used to determine if maternal aflatoxin exposure was associated with 1) birth weight and length (primary outcomes) and 2) anthropometric z scores, LBW (weight <2.5 kg), SGA (weight <10th percentile for gestational age and sex), stunting at birth (length-for-age z score less than −2), or PTB (born <37 weeks of gestation) (secondary outcomes). Results The geometric mean of maternal serum AFB1-lysine adduct concentration was 1.37 pg/mg albumin (95% CI: 1.30, 1.44 pg/mg albumin). Twenty percent of infants were of LBW and 32% were SGA. Sixteen percent of infants were stunted at birth. In addition, 13% of infants were born preterm. In logistic multivariate regression models, mean maternal serum AFB1-lysine adduct concentrations were significantly associated with SGA (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.27; P < 0.05). Conclusions Findings from this study suggest a small but significant association between serum AFB1-lysine adduct concentrations in pregnant women and SGA. Maternal aflatoxin exposure was not associated with other birth outcomes. These results highlight the need for future research on a threshold level of aflatoxin exposure needed to produce detectable adverse birth outcomes. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03312049.

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Exposure to terbinafine in pregnancy and risk of preterm birth, small for gestational age, low birth weight, and stillbirth: a nationwide cohort study

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology ◽

10.1016/j.jaad.2020.10.034 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Niklas Worm Andersson ◽

Simon Francis Thomsen ◽

Jon Trærup Andersen

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

In Pregnancy

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Quantifying Low Birth Weight, Preterm Birth and Small-for-Gestational-Age Effects of Malaria in Pregnancy: A Population Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0100247 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. e100247 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Marcus J. Rijken ◽

Alysha M. De Livera ◽

Sue J. Lee ◽

Machteld E. Boel ◽

Suthatsana Rungwilailaekhiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Age Effects ◽

Malaria In Pregnancy ◽

Population Cohort ◽

In Pregnancy

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Alcohol consumption during pregnancy and perinatal results: a cohort study

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/1516-3180.2015.02040211 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 134 (2) ◽

pp. 146-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Mariana Sbrana ◽

Carlos Grandi ◽

Murilo Brazan ◽

Natacha Junquera ◽

Marina Stevaux Nascimento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Birth Weight ◽

Preterm Birth ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Low Birth Weight ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Small For Gestational Age ◽

Perinatal Outcomes ◽

First Trimester ◽

World Health

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is a significant social problem that may be associated with adverse perinatal outcomes. The aim of this study was to describe alcohol consumption during pregnancy and to study its association with low birth weight, newborns small for gestational age and preterm birth. DESIGN AND SETTING: Nested cohort study, in the city of Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: 1,370 women and their newborns were evaluated. A standardized questionnaire on health and lifestyle habits was applied to the mothers. Anthropometry was performed on the newborns. Alcohol consumption was defined as low, moderate or high, as defined by the World Health Organization. Adjusted logistic regression analysis was used. RESULTS: 23% of the women consumed alcohol during pregnancy. Consumption mainly occurred in the first trimester (14.8%) and decreased as the pregnancy progressed. The median alcohol intake was 3.89 g (interquartile range, IQR = 8 g) per day. In the unadjusted analysis, alcohol consumption increased the risk of low birth weight almost twofold (odds ratio, OR 1.91; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.25-2.92). The risk was lower in the adjusted analysis (OR 1.62; 95% CI: 1.03-2.54). Alcohol consumption did not show associations with small for gestational age or preterm birth. There was greater risk of low birth weight and newborns small for gestational age and preterm birth among mothers who were both smokers and drinkers. CONCLUSIONS: The alcohol consumption rate during pregnancy was 23% and was independently associated with low birth weight, but there was no risk of newborns small for gestational age or preterm birth.

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