A novel approach of two-dimensional representation of rock fracture network characterization and connectivity analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 ◽  
pp. 106507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Huan Zhao ◽  
Hongjun Wu ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Wenfeng Sun ◽  
...  
1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (spe) ◽  
pp. 39-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Sako ◽  
K. Fujimura ◽  
M.B. McDonald ◽  
D. James

Seed analysts need to identify seeds, and seed catalogs are used as a reference to accomplish this task. Conventional seed catalogs supply two-dimensional photographs and hand-drawn diagrams. In this study, a new, three-dimensional representation of seeds is developed to supplement these traditional photographs and drawings. QuickTime VR is a promising method for viewing three-dimensional objects on a computer screen. It permits manipulation of an object by rotating and viewing it from any pre-specified angle at an interactive speed, allowing the viewer the sense of examining a hand-held object. In this study, QuickTime VR object movies of seeds were created as interactive "movies" of seeds that can be rotated and scaled to give the viewer the sensation of examining actual seeds. This approach allows the examination of virtual seeds from any angle, permitting more accurate identification of seeds by seed analysts.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jessica Wright

<p>This research investigates a correspondence between the architectural representational tool of drawing, and the translations of these into something recognised as ‘built’. It is fundamentally concerned around representation in architecture driven by the principles that our entire engagement with architecture is via representation. Architects do not produce buildings but produce images of buildings, and the role of two-dimensional representation plays a principal part in architecture. Architecture is always representational, and the more we engage with representation the more we might push the envelope with what we understand architecture to be.   This thesis aims to establish within the contemporary discipline, what we understand about the responsibility of linear perspective as a representational tool. By understanding what lies behind the canon of perspective in architecture, this thesis questions whether the representation of conventional architecture could benefit from a new way of drawing linear perspective?   The discovery of perspective during the Renaissance has influenced not only our way of representing architecture but also how we view, and therefore design it. It has become integrated with our understanding of architecture at an unconscious level. Architects no longer need control of projective geometry, and due to this cannot be critical of the system of representation or control its limits. This leads to mediate a shift in perspective, with the intention to generate a representation of new form.   The motivation for this thesis was that from linear perspective, as it has done so for centuries, we can produce evocative and meaningful vocabularies that attempt to enrich architecture.</p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Lei Lu ◽  
Chunxue Liu ◽  
Gang Chen ◽  
Liang Guo

Abstract Numerous geological research studies and mining operations have proved that fracture is one of the important factors controlling groundwater flow, mineralization, and ore distribution in metallic deposits. Most current approaches to groundwater flow simulation of naturally fractured media rely on the calculation of equivalent permeability tensors from a discrete fracture network (DFN). This study is aimed at developing a rational two-dimensional DFN by GEOFRAC, a geostatistical method of fracture direction and locations of sample data from a tin mine in the Gaosong area, Gejiu city, southwest China, and utilizing 3,724 outcrop fractures sampled on the ground of mountain Gaosong. Principal inputs of the DFN are density, direction, and continuity of disks that constitute a fracture plane. Fractures simulated by GEOFRAC were validated in that their directions corresponded well with those of the sample fractures. The permeability tensor of each modeling grid was then calculated based on the fracture network constructed. The results showed that GEOFRAC is valuable for two-dimensional DFN modeling in mines and other fracture-controlled geological phenomena, such as groundwater flow and slope failure.


Author(s):  
Andrew Cosham ◽  
Phil Hopkins

Abstract Once upon a time the dent-gouge fracture model was developed by the then British Gas Corporation to estimate the burst pressure of a dent and gouge subject to internal pressure. The dent-gouge fracture model is based on a two-dimensional representation of a dent and gouge; it assumes an infinitely long, longitudinally-orientated gouge (a crack) at the base of infinitely long, longitudinally-orientated dent. The model was calibrated using the results of 109 ring tests and 23 vessel tests conducted by the British Gas Corporation; a dent was introduced and then a slot was machined in the base of the dent (all at zero pressure). It is a semi-empirical model. Part 12 of API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 2016 quotes the original dent-gouge fracture model. A number of variations on the theme of the original dent-gouge fracture model have been developed. The variants have not significantly improved the accuracy of the original model, as is demonstrated by comparing the variants against the results of burst tests on rings and vessels containing a dent and gouge (or notch) reported in the published literature. The dent-gouge fracture model is deconstructed in order to illustrate its component parts. The deconstruction clearly identifies the parts of the model that could be improved. It also highlights where semi-empiricism is embedded in the model. The effect of changes to the original model is illustrated using the results of the full-scale tests. The difficulties introduced by the scatter in the full-scale tests are discussed, noting that a number of different methods have been used to introduce the dent and gouge (or notch) into the ring or vessel. A factor of safety is proposed. Pointers are given to how the dent-gouge fracture model might be improved or replaced. The need for a dent-gouge model is also considered, in the context of the guidance given in API Recommended Practice 1160 and ASME B31.8S.


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