Assessment of petroleum system elements and migration pattern of Borno (Chad) Basin, northeastern Nigeria

2022 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 109505
Author(s):  
Kabir Shola Ahmed ◽  
Keyu Liu ◽  
Harouna Moussa ◽  
Jiangliang Liu ◽  
Hafizullah Abba Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Petroleum System ◽  
Chad Basin ◽  
And Migration

A radioautographic analysis of the migration and fate of cells derived from the occipital somites in the chick embryo with specific reference to the development of the hypoglossal musculature

Development ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-466
Author(s):  
R. D. Hazelton
Keyword(s):  
Chick Embryo ◽  
Dorsal Surface ◽  
Lateral Position ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Pericardial Cavity ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Pharyngeal Area

The migration pattern and fate of cells of the occipital somites and overlying ectoderm have been described for the chick embryo with particular reference to the development of the hypoglossal musculature. Tritium-labelled thymidine (0·5–10 µCi per egg) was used as a cell-specific marker. Occipital somites (2–5) with overlying ectoderm were transplanted orthotopically from labelled donor embryos to unlabelled host embryos (Hamburger & Hamilton, stage 9–10). The embryos were incubated, for varying lengths of time (24 h-5 days), sacrificed, sectioned and the migration pattern and fate of the labelled cells determined radioautographically. It appears that the hypoglossal as well as other hypopharyngeal musculature originates from the occipital somites. The mesodermal migration pattern extended from the occipital somite region in a ventroposterior direction to the dorsal surface of the pericardial cavity posterior to the expanded portion of the pharynx. At this position a so-called hypoglossal cord formed on each side which ran anteriorly to the level of the second pharyngeal pouch where it turned medially and together with the cord from the other side entered the pharyngeal area of the embryo. This material apparently forms the intrinsic musculature of the tongue. The mesodermal movements are attributed to differential growth movements of the areas concerned as well as to active cell mutiplication and migration. Selective embryonic neuronal staining was undertaken to study the relationship between the migrating hypoglossal cord and nerve. The cord preceded the nerve in its migration. There is an occipital somitic contribution to the primitive meninx, to the endothelial walls of developing blood vessels, possibly to microglial cells and to the cartilage surrounding the notocord. The occipital ectoderm expands dorso-anteriorly and ventro-laterally. In the ventro-lateral position as contact is made with the pharyngeal endoderm a placode is formed which contributes cells to the nodose ganglion of the tenth cranial nerve. There is no other contribution of the ectoderm to the underlying tissues.

scholarly journals The Natih Petroleum System of North Oman

GeoArabia ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos M.J. Terken
Keyword(s):  
Foreland Basin ◽  
Petroleum System ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Trapping Efficiency ◽  
Structural Deformation ◽  
Hydrocarbon Potential ◽  
Lateral Migration ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Giant Fields ◽  
And Migration

ABSTRACT The Cretaceous Natih petroleum system is one of the smaller petroleum systems in Oman, measuring only some 20,000 square kilometers in areal extent. Resource volumes of oil initially in-place, however, are significant and amount to 1.3x109 cubic meters (equivalent to 8.2 billion barrels). Most of the recoverable oil is concentrated in two giant fields that were discovered in the early 1960s. Since that prolific time no new major discoveries have been made, except some marginally economic accumulations in the early 1980s. To evaluate the remaining hydrocarbon potential of the system, the oil kitchen was mapped and its generation and migration histories modeled and integrated with the regional setting to outline the geographical and stratigraphical extent of the petroleum system. The volume of liquid hydrocarbons generated by Natih source rocks was calculated and compared to the estimated oil-in-place to determine the generation-trapping efficiency of the petroleum system. Some 100x109 cubic meters of source rock is currently mature and produced a cumulative volume of 14x109 cubic meters (88 billion barrels) oil. Of this volume 9% has actually been discovered and 0.25x109 cubic meters (1.57 billion barrels) are currently booked as recoverable reserves, equivalent to 1.8% of the total generated volume. Both percentages classify the Natih petroleum system as the most efficient system in Oman. This extreme efficiency results from several factors, such as: (1) modest structural deformation in the foreland basin, which permits lateral migration to remain the dominant style; (2) abundant and uninterrupted access to oil charge from an active kitchen in the foreland basin; and (3) excellent intra-formational source rocks, which is retained by thick Fiqa shales. Most structural prospects have been tested in four decades of exploration. The remaining hydrocarbon potential is anticipated to exist mainly in stratigraphic traps in Fiqa turbidites in the foreland basin, and truncation traps across the northern flank of the peripheral bulge.

Hydrocarbon charge history of the Gippsland Basin

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Keyu Liu ◽  
Peter Eadington ◽  
David Mills ◽  
Richard Kempton ◽  
Herbert Volk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Research ◽  
Petroleum System ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Oil Generation ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Hydrocarbon Charge ◽  
Gas Fields ◽  
Gippsland Basin

As part of a larger petroleum system analysis and resource re-evaluation research program in the Gippsland Basin, over 400 samples from 29 selected wells in the Gippsland Basin were investigated using quantitative fluorescence techniques developed by CSIRO Petroleum, including the quantitative grain fluorescence (QGF) and QGF on extracts (QGF-E) and the total scanning fluorescence (TSF) techniques. Preliminary results have provided new insight into the hydrocarbon migration and charge history of the Gippsland Basin. The investigation has revealed: widespread occurrence of palaeo oil columns in some of the major gas fields, indicating that a significant amount of oil was charged into these reservoirs prior to a subsequent gas accumulation; that some of the current oil intervals appear to have received a relatively late oil charge, either through new charge or through palaeo oil re-distribution due to adjustments within the petroleum system; palaeo oil columns appear to be restricted to a certain distance range from the major source kitchens; and, evidence of a sequential oil migration and displacement along structural highs where reservoirs distal to the source kitchens received progressively lighter and more mature palaeo oils. These findings are consistent with the oil generation and migration model proposed by O’Brien et al (2008). Fluid inclusion petrographic investigations and molecular composition of inclusions (MCI) analysis are currently underway that will provide additional information on the hydrocarbon charge history in the Gippsland Basin.

scholarly journals First description of autumn migration of Sooty Falcon Falco concolor from the United Arab Emirates to Madagascar using satellite telemetry

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
SÁLIM JAVED ◽  
DAVID C. DOUGLAS ◽  
SHAHID KHAN ◽  
JUNID NAZEER SHAH ◽  
ABDULLAH ALI AL HAMMADI
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Satellite Telemetry ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Autumn Migration ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Migration Route ◽  
Wintering Area ◽  
Solar Powered ◽  
And Migration

SummaryThe movement and migration pattern of the ‘Near Threatened’ Sooty Falcon Falco concolor is poorly known. Sooty Falcons breed on the islands of the Arabian Gulf after arriving from their non-breeding areas that are mainly in Madagascar. In the first satellite tracking of the species we fitted a 9.5 g Argos solar powered transmitter on an adult breeding Sooty Falcon off the western coast of Abu Dhabi in the United Arab Emirates. The bird successfully undertook autumn migration to Madagascar, a known wintering area for the species. We document the Sooty Falcon’s autumn migration route and stop-over sites. The adult Sooty Falcon initiated its migration at night and with tailwinds, and travelled mainly during daytime hours for 13 days over an inland route of more than 5,656 km. The three stop-over sites in East Africa were characterised by moderate to sparse shrub cover associated with potential sources of water. We discuss the migration pattern of the tracked bird in relation to importance of non-breeding areas for Sooty Falcons and recent declines in numbers in their breeding range.

scholarly journals Spectrum of Camel Evolution and its Impact on Ancient Human Migration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indu Sharma ◽  
Jyotsna Sharma ◽  
Sachin Kumar ◽  
Hemender Singh ◽  
Varun Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Migration Pattern ◽  
Human Migration ◽  
Genetic Affinity ◽  
The World ◽  
Silk Route ◽  
Bactrian Camels ◽  
Second Millennium Bce ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Different Parts

The Evolutionary history and domestication of Camels are largely unexplored because of the lack of well dated early archaeological records. However, limited records suggest that domestication of Camels likely happened in the late second millennium BCE. Over the time, camels have helped human for their basic needs like meat, milk, wool, dung to long routes transportation. This multifaceted animal has helped the mankind to connect through continents and in trade majorly through the Silk route. In India, both dromedary and Bactrian camels are found and their habitat is entirely different from each other, dromedaries inhabit in hot deserts and Bactrians are found mostly in cold places (Nubra Valley, Ladakh). Fewer studies on Indian dromedaries have been conducted but no such studies are done on Bactrian camels. It is needed to study the genetics of Bactrian camels to find out their genetic affinity and evolutionary history with other Bactrians found in different parts of the world. Furthermore, parallel studies on humans and Bactrian camel are required to understand the co-evolution and migration pattern of humans during their dispersal in different time periods.

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