Annual dynamic of mass production of Viscum album L. on Malus domestica L.

Viscum album L. is a medicinal plants used for many years as a remedy in the traditional medicine and in complementary cancer therapies. We investigated the influence of some host trees: Acer campestre (VAA), Fraxinus excelsior (VAF), Populus nigra (VAP), Malus domestica (VAM), and Robinia pseudoacacia (VAR), on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of leaves and stems from V. album, as well the influence of the solvent (water and ethanol) used for extraction on biological activity. HPLC with photodiode array detector analysis of bioactive compounds from leaves and stems of mistletoes (V. album) hosted by five differents trees was performed. Antioxidant activities, determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC), (Trolox-equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) methods were compared with the quantification of total phenolics using the Folin -Ciocalteu reagent. V. album hosted by Fraxinus excelsior (VAF), recorded the highest level of total phenolic acids (108.64 μg/g dry matter) while the mistletoe hosted by Malus domestica (VAM) had the lowest level of total polyphenols (39.37 μg/g dry matter). In general, higher antioxidant activity was detected in the alcoholic than in the aqueous extracts. The values obtained for total phenolics in both, aqueous and ethanol extracts, decreased in the order: VAR > VAF > VAP > VAA > VAM. The mistletoe stem extracts contained lower levels of phenolics, as compared to leaves, in both solvents. Our results suggest that mistletoe extracts possess significant antioxidant activities that may be due to their bioactive compounds content, suggesting that this plant may be an important source of natural products with chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activities.

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Viscum album homeopathic tinctures: phytochemical profile and antiproliferative activity

International Journal of High Dilution Research - ISSN 1982-6206 ◽

10.51910/ijhdr.v17i2.918 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 07-08

Author(s):

Carla Holandino Quaresma ◽

Michelle Nonato de Oliveira Melo ◽

João Vitor da Costa Batista ◽

Venicio Féo Da Veiga ◽

Adriana Passos Oliveira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Malus Domestica ◽

High Performance ◽

Abies Alba ◽

Annexin V ◽

Viscum Album ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

Phytochemical Profile ◽

In Vitro Effects ◽

Tumoral Cells

Background: The mistletoe Viscum album L. (Santalaceae) is a semi-parasitic plant that grows on different host trees. Although V. album antitumor activity is mainly associated with aqueous preparations, recently we showed antitumoral effects of homeopathic V. album tinctures containing also the ethanolic soluble compounds [1]. Aims: to analyze the phytochemical profile of different Viscum album homeopathic tinctures as well as their in vitro effects in tumoral cells. Methodology: The Viscum album samples (leaves, stems and berries) were collected in 2016 and 2017 (summer), and in 2018 (winter) at different locations in Switzerland. After harvest, they were immediately submitted to ethanolic extraction (45% V/V) using homeopathic methodology [2, 3]. The following mother tinctures (MT) were prepared: V. album ssp. album growing on Malus domestica, Quercus sp. and Ulmus sp., V. album ssp. austriacum from Pinus sylvestris, and V. album ssp. abietis from Abies alba. The homeopathic dynamizations (1-3dH; 6, 12, 30dH) were prepared with the respective MT. The phytochemical profiles were analysed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectroscopy, HPLC and Thin Layer Chromatography. MT prepared in 2016 were also submitted to the Pfeiffer’s circular chromatography (PCC) [4]. The proliferation assay was performed by WST-1 [5] after incubation of tumoral cells (Yoshida and Molt-4) with non-dynamized (0.5 to 0.05% v/v) and dynamized MT. Apoptosis/necrosis was measured by flow cytometer (FACS) using Annexin V-FITC [5], and the cellular morphological aspects were analysed by light microscope. Results and Discussion: The chemical analyses of MT identified the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids, lignans, as principal compounds. Besides, the HPLC indicated higher viscotoxin concentration in the summer harvest of Abies alba, Malus domestica and Quercus (897, 475, 219 ?g/mL), respectively. The PCC methodology permitted the MT differentiation. The higher levels of cellular mortality were attribute to Abies alba, Malus domestica and Quercus (p

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Energy, transport, and consumption in the Industrial Revolution

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19000153 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

Author(s):

Joseph A. Tainter ◽

Temis G. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Industrial Revolution ◽

Energy Transport ◽

Underlying Assumption

Abstract We question Baumard's underlying assumption that humans have a propensity to innovate. Affordable transportation and energy underpinned the Industrial Revolution, making mass production/consumption possible. Although we cannot accept Baumard's thesis on the Industrial Revolution, it may help explain why complexity and innovation increase rapidly in the context of abundant energy.

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Recent Radiative and Collisional Atomic Data of Astrophysical Interest

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100107596 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 102 ◽

pp. 129-132

Author(s):

K.L. Baluja ◽

K. Butler ◽

J. Le Bourlot ◽

C.J. Zeippen

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Bound States ◽

Physical Models ◽

Impact Excitation ◽

Electron Impact Excitation ◽

Atomic Data ◽

Isoelectronic Sequence ◽

Astrophysical Interest ◽

Radiative Transitions ◽

Forbidden Transitions

SummaryUsing sophisticated computer programs and elaborate physical models, accurate radiative and collisional atomic data of astrophysical interest have been or are being calculated. The cases treated include radiative transitions between bound states in the 2p4and 2s2p5configurations of many ions in the oxygen isoelectronic sequence, the photoionisation of the ground state of neutral iron, the electron impact excitation of the fine-structure forbidden transitions within the 3p3ground configuration of CℓIII, Ar IV and K V, and the mass-production of radiative data for ions in the oxygen and fluorine isoelectronic sequences, as part of the international Opacity Project.

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A simplified method of emulsion coating and development for quantitative electron microscopic radioautography

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100081188 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 64-65

Author(s):

K. Yoshida ◽

F. Murata ◽

S. Ohno ◽

T. Nagata

Keyword(s):

Mass Production ◽

Identical Condition ◽

Microscopic Level ◽

Electron Microscopic Level ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Simplified Method ◽

Complicated Process ◽

Critical Problems ◽

Electron Microscopic Radioautography ◽

Quantitative Radioautography

IntroductionSeveral methods of mounting emulsion for radioautography at the electron microscopic level have been reported. From the viewpoint of quantitative radioautography, however, there are many critical problems in the procedure to produce radioautographs. For example, it is necessary to apply and develop emulsions in several experimental groups under an identical condition. Moreover, it is necessary to treat a lot of grids at the same time in the dark room for statistical analysis. Since the complicated process and technical difficulties in these procedures are inadequate to conduct a quantitative analysis of many radioautographs at once, many factors may bring about unexpected results. In order to improve these complicated procedures, a simplified dropping method for mass production of radioautographs under an identical condition was previously reported. However, this procedure was not completely satisfactory from the viewpoint of emulsion homogeneity. This paper reports another improved procedure employing wire loops.

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