Particle dynamics with variable mass and charge

2007 ◽  
Vol 366 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.E. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Variable Mass ◽  
Particle Dynamics

Mass Determination by Direct Measurement of Electron Scattering

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 240-241
Author(s):  
M. K. Lamvik ◽  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Electron Scattering ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Variable Mass ◽  
Scattering Cross Section ◽  
Mass Determination ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Thin Slice ◽  
Scattering Cross

If a molecule or atom of material has molecular weight A, the number density of such units is given by n=Nρ/A, where N is Avogadro's number and ρ is the mass density of the material. The amount of scattering from each unit can be written by assigning an imaginary cross-sectional area σ to each unit. If the current I0 is incident on a thin slice of material of thickness z and the current I remains unscattered, then the scattering cross-section σ is defined by I=IOnσz. For a specimen that is not thin, the definition must be applied to each imaginary thin slice and the result I/I0 =exp(-nσz) is obtained by integrating over the whole thickness. It is useful to separate the variable mass-thickness w=ρz from the other factors to yield I/I0 =exp(-sw), where s=Nσ/A is the scattering cross-section per unit mass.

Single particle dynamics of supercooled water and the kinetic glass transition

1998 ◽  
Vol 08 (PR6) ◽  
pp. Pr6-109-Pr6-113
Author(s):  
P. Gallo ◽  
F. Sciortino ◽  
P. Tartaglia ◽  
S.-H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Particle Dynamics

Particle Dynamics and Airflow Patterns in a Ventilated Two-Zone Enclosure

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 521-530
Author(s):  
Murat Aydin ◽  
Antonio Ferreira Miguel
Keyword(s):  
Particle Dynamics

FLOW VISUALIZATION AROUND MESOSCALE SOLID PARTICLE WITHIN A MOVING DROPLET USING MULTI-BODY DISSIPATIVE PARTICLE DYNAMICS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anupam Mishra ◽  
Ahmed A. Hemeda ◽  
Mohsen Torabi ◽  
Ting Liu ◽  
James Palko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Solid Particle ◽  
Dissipative Particle Dynamics ◽  
Particle Dynamics ◽  
Multi Body

ELECTROWETTING-INDUCED DROPLET JUMPING SIMULATION USING MANY-BODY DISSIPATIVE PARTICLE DYNAMICS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Liu ◽  
Anupam Mishra ◽  
Mohsen Torabi ◽  
Ahmed A. Hemeda ◽  
James Palko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dissipative Particle Dynamics ◽  
Particle Dynamics ◽  
Many Body

The Self-Assembly of an Amphiphilic Block Copolymer: A Dissipative Particle Dynamics Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Schulz ◽  
U. Frieske ◽  
H. Kuhn ◽  
G. Schmid ◽  
F. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Dissipative Particle Dynamics ◽  
Particle Dynamics ◽  
The Self ◽  
Amphiphilic Block Copolymer

Microscopic understanding of particle-matrix interaction in magnetic hybrid materials by element-specific spectroscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim Landers ◽  
Soma Salamon ◽  
Samira Webers ◽  
Heiko Wende
Keyword(s):  
Mössbauer Spectroscopy ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Mossbauer Spectroscopy ◽  
Translational Motion ◽  
Particle Dynamics ◽  
Spin Alignment ◽  
Particle Mobility ◽  
Mößbauer Spectroscopy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ac Susceptometry

Abstract Mössbauer spectroscopy is a well-known technique to study complex magnetic structures, due to its sensitivity to electronic and magnetic interactions of the probed nucleus with its electronic surrounding. It has also been applied to the emerging fields of magnetic hybrid materials as well as to ferrofluids, as information on the magnetic alignment and the velocity of the probed nucleus, i.e. of the particle it is embedded in, can be inferred from the spectra in addition to the above-mentioned quantities. Considering the wide range of preparation methods and sample properties, including fluids, particle powders, sintered pellets, polymer matrices and viscoelastic hydrogels, a considerable advantage of Mössbauer spectroscopy is the usage of γ-photons. This allows measurements on opaque samples, for which optical experiments are usually not feasible, also making the technique relatively independent of specific sample geometries or preparation. Using iron oxide nanoparticles in glycerol solution as an exemplary material here, the variety of system parameters simultaneously accessible via Mössbauer spectroscopy can be demonstrated: Spectra recorded for particles of different sizes provided information on the particles’ Brownian dynamics, including the effect of the shell thickness on their hydrodynamic diameter, the presence (or absence) and ballpark frequency of Néel superspin relaxation as well as the particles’ average magnetic orientation in external magnetic fields. For single-core particles, this resulted in the observation of standard Langevin-type alignment behavior. Mössbauer spectra additionally provide information on the absolute degree of spin alignment, also allowing the determination of the degree of surface spin canting, which limits the maximum magnetization of ferrofluid samples. Analyzing the alignment behavior of agglomerated particles for comparison, we found a completely different trend, in which spin alignment was further hindered by the competition of easy magnetic directions. More complex particle dynamics are observed when going from ferrofluids to hybrid materials, where the particle mobility and alignability depends not only on the particles’ shape and material, but also on the matrices’ inner structure and the acting force-transfer mechanism between particles and the surrounding medium. In ferrohydrogels for example, particle mobility in terms of Mössbauer spectroscopy was probed for different crosslinker concentrations, resulting in widely different mesh-sizes of the polymer network and different degrees of freedom. While a decrease in particle dynamics is clearly visible in Mössbauer spectroscopy upon rising crosslinker density, complementary AC-susceptometry experiments indicated no Brownian motion on the expected timescales. This apparent contradiction could, however, be explained by the different timescales of the experiments, probing either the relatively free Brownian motion on ultrashort timescales or the more bound state preventing extensive particle motion by interaction with the trapping mesh walls in the millisecond regime. However, it should also be considered that the effect of the surroundings on particle rotation in AC-susceptometry may also differ from the variation in translational motion, probed by Mössbauer spectroscopy. Being sensitive mainly to translational motion also results in a wide range of particles to be accessible for studies via Mössbauer spectroscopy, including larger agglomerates embedded in polymers, intended for remote-controlled heating. Despite the agglomerates’ wide distribution in effective diameters, information on particle motion was found to be in good agreement with AC-susceptometry experiments at ultralow frequencies in and above the polymer melting region, while additionally giving insight into Néel relaxation of the individual nanoparticles and their magnetic structure.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document