Risk factors for infection with Foot-and-Mouth Disease virus in a cattle population vaccinated with a non-purified vaccine in Iran

Abstract Background Identification of risk factors is crucial in Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) control especially in endemic countries. In Rwanda, almost all outbreaks of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) have started in Eastern Rwanda. Identifying the risk factors in this area will support government control efforts. This study was carried out to identify and map different risk factors for the incursion, spread and persistence of FMDV in Eastern Rwanda. Questionnaires were administered during farm visits to establish risk factors for FMD outbreaks. Descriptive statistical measures were determined and odds ratios were calculated to determine the effects of risk factors on the occurrence of FMD. Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) was used to produce thematic maps on the proportion of putative risk factors for FMD per village. Results Based on farmers’ perceptions, 85.31% (with p < 0.01) experienced more outbreaks during the major dry season, a finding consistent with other reports in other parts of the world. Univariate analysis revealed that mixed farming (OR = 1.501, p = 0.163, CI = 95%), and natural breeding method (OR = 1.626; p = 0.21, CI = 95%) were associated with the occurrence of FMD indicating that the two risk factors could be responsible for FMD outbreaks in the farms. The occurrence of FMD in the farms was found to be significantly associated with lack of vaccination of calves younger than 12 months in herds (OR = 0.707; p = 0.046, CI = 95%). Conclusions This is the first study to describe risk factors for persistence of FMDV in livestock systems in Rwanda. However, further studies are required to understand the role of transboundary animal movements and genotypic profiles of circulating FMDV in farming systems in Rwanda.

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Seroprevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) and associated risk factors in unvaccinated sheep and goats in Pyawbwe and Meikhtila townships of Myanmar

Journal of Advanced Veterinary and Animal Research ◽

10.5455/javar.2017.d204 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Htet Phyoe ◽

Aung Khaing ◽

Yusuf Abba ◽

Ye Aung ◽

Lat Htun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Sheep And Goats ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

Associated Risk Factors

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Molecular Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Type O from Wild Pig in Bangladesh

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v31i1.28464 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 41-45

Author(s):

Mohammad Anwar Siddique ◽

Huzzat Ullah ◽

Shuvro Prokash Nandi ◽

Debaraj Chakma ◽

Munawar Sultana ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Characterization ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Cattle Population ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth ◽

Fmdv Type ◽

Wild Pig

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a disease of all non-avian livestock animals which costs direct and indirect economic burden of 6.5-21 billion USD per year worldwide in endemic countries. In Bangladesh, FMD is endemic and mainly caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotypes O, A and Asia1. Among FMD susceptible animals cattle, sheep and goat were reported to be more susceptible to this virus, whereas, pig was reported as amplifier of the virus. To date there is no epidemiological data in Bangladesh defining the circulation of FMDV in pig population. This investigation first reports the circulation of FMDV in wild pigs of Bangladesh, its molecular characterization and genotyping. To pursue this, tissue sample from ruptured vesicles of mammary gland was collected from wild pig suspected to be infected with FMD followed by RT-PCR amplification, sequencing and phylogenetic study of the VP1 gene, which is the most variable region of FMDV genome. The virus was identified as FMDV serotype O and phylogenetically clustered together with India 2001 (Ind2001) lineage under middle-east, south Asia (ME-SA) topotype. Within the clade of Ind2001 lineage, FMDV from pig formed a sub-clade with 2013 sequences of cattle which indicates the phylogenetic relatedness of the virus from pig with circulatory virus in cattle population of Bangladesh in 2013. Pair-wise local alignment of the FMDV type O VP1 sequence of pig with other local cattle FMDV type O VP1 sequences of 2012 and 2013 supported the phylogenetic affiliation of the pig FMDV with the circulatory virus in cattle population of Bangladesh in 2013, whereas nucleotide sequences of cattle FMDV VP1 of 2012 were found to be 7-8% divergent compared to pig FMDV VP1. Phylogenetic and pair-wise alignment data conclusively revealed that (i) homologous circulation of the FMDV type O (Ind2001 lineage) occurs in both animal traits; and (ii) FMDV type O VP1 sequence of pig origin is distantly related to 2012 local FMDV type O VP1 sequences of cattle origin, but closely related to 2013 local cattle FMDV type O VP1.Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 31, Number 1-2,June-Dec 2014, pp 41-45

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Risk Factors for the Contamination of Wild Stomoxys niger niger Macquart 1851 (Diptera: Muscidae) with the Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus

Current Research in Agricultural Sciences ◽

10.18488/journal.68.2019.62.95.108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 95-108

Author(s):

Sevidzem Silas Lendzele ◽

Mamoudou Abdoulmoumini ◽

Simon Dickmu ◽

Alfons Renz ◽

Acapovi-Yao Genevieve Lydie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth

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High resolution surface structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100082741 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 376-377

Author(s):

S. S. Breese ◽

H. L. Bachrach

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

High Resolution ◽

Surface Structure ◽

Disease Virus ◽

Potassium Phosphate ◽

Foot And Mouth Disease ◽

Mouth Disease ◽

Physical Measurements ◽

Mouth Disease Virus ◽

Foot And Mouth

Models for the structure of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) have been proposed from chemical and physical measurements (Brown, et al., 1970; Talbot and Brown, 1972; Strohmaier and Adam, 1976) and from rotational image-enhancement electron microscopy (Breese, et al., 1965). In this report we examine the surface structure of FMDV particles by high resolution electron microscopy and compare it with that of particles in which the outermost capsid protein VP3 (ca. 30, 000 daltons) has been split into smaller segments, two of which VP3a and VP3b have molecular weights of about 15, 000 daltons (Bachrach, et al., 1975).Highly purified and concentrated type A12, strain 119 FMDV (5 mg/ml) was prepared as previously described (Bachrach, et al., 1964) and stored at 4°C in 0. 2 M KC1-0. 5 M potassium phosphate buffer at pH 7. 5. For electron microscopy, 1. 0 ml samples of purified virus and trypsin-treated virus were dialyzed at 4°C against 0. 2 M NH4OAC at pH 7. 3, deposited onto carbonized formvar-coated copper screens and stained with phosphotungstic acid, pH 7. 3.

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