scholarly journals Energy Savings and Cost-benefit Analysis of the New Commercial Building Standard in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 317-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanguo Zhao ◽  
Wei Feng ◽  
Shicong Zhang ◽  
Jing Hou ◽  
Nan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Commercial Building

Evaluating a distributed regenerative braking system for freight trains

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (8) ◽  
pp. 844-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Pyper ◽  
P Stephan Heyns
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Regenerative Braking ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Freight Train ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Variable Transmission ◽  
The Cost

This paper presents an investigation on a distributed regenerative braking system for freight trains. The system, which involves installing regenerative braking units on the bogies of freight rail wagons, is proposed in a patent by Transnet SOC Ltd. The system allows for numerous regenerative braking systems to be installed on a single freight train in a distributed manner, which collectively function together to perform regenerative braking on the train to reduce the energy consumption of the train. The proposed system would, if implemented successfully, alleviate challenges and limitations with current regenerative braking systems on diesel-powered freight trains. The goal of the investigation is to determine whether the system is both technically and economically feasible. The proposed regenerative braking system is conceptualized in this study by first establishing the requirements of the system from in-service train data, followed by the development of the subsystems and major components based on existing technology. A physical system simulation model is subsequently developed to establish the energy savings performance of the system concepts for typical freight train routes. The results show that energy savings of between 10% and 24% can be realized. This demonstrates the technical feasibility of the proposed system. Next, the proposed system and the candidate concepts are evaluated in economic terms by means of a cost–benefit analysis. The decision criteria calculated in the cost–benefit analysis provide unanimous results as to which of the candidate concepts are economically feasible. It is shown that four of the candidate concepts, all utilizing the same transmission topology incorporating a continuously variable transmission with different flywheel configurations, are economically feasible. It is therefore concluded that the results of the cost–benefit analysis indicated that the proposed distributed regenerative braking system for freight trains is economically feasible and could deliver favorable financial returns if pursued.

Financing the Green Building Retrofitting Investments

2021 ◽  
pp. 394-416
Author(s):  
Eugen Mitrica
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
The Future ◽  
Private Investors

The main financial barrier of large scale implementation of green building retrofitting investments is due to the relatively large investment volume needed, compared to the future flow of yearly energy savings or/and yearly estimated differences of incomes collected, if the building is a commercial building (commercial center, office building, hotel or even residential rental building). The uncertainty implicitly involved in this estimation, both for the future savings and for the yearly differences of incomes, which are usually not very large, both make these investments apparently not so attractive for private investors, especially for owners of residential buildings, with limited self-financing power. Nevertheless, from the society point of view, the benefits created by saving the energy and consequently reducing the carbon foot print, can be very attractive. That is why the public support is often used as an “impulse solution” for implementation of these investments. The Cost Benefit Analysis methodology, particularized for these investments, is presented in this chapter.

Modelling of Optimum Return From Disassembly of Products

Volume 3 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Motevallian ◽  
Kazem Abhary ◽  
Lee H. S. Luong
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Commercial Viability ◽  
Recovery Cost

To design products simultaneously for disassembly and commercial viability, a cost-benefit model need to be developed for assessing the design for ease of disassembly as well as materials recyclability. This paper presents a mathematical formulation to maximize the profits from disassembly of products. Disassembly process involves several activities each with its associated costs and benefits. The model in this paper looks at the balance between the costs of disassembly operations and the benefits it generates through reutilization of retrieved components, and reprocessing of retrieved materials. A cost-benefit analysis include factors such as: the disassembly cost, sorting and recovery cost, dumping cost for remaining fractions, and the revenues from retrieved parts, subassemblies, components, and materials as well as the environmental benefits such as benefits of emission reduction from energy savings by savings from extraction of raw materials and their processing.

Financing the Green Building Retrofitting Investments

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-72
Author(s):  
Eugen Mitrica
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Commercial Building ◽  
The Future ◽  
Private Investors

The main financial barrier of large scale implementation of green building retrofitting investments is due to the relatively large investment volume needed, compared to the future flow of yearly energy savings or/and yearly estimated differences of incomes collected, if the building is a commercial building (commercial center, office building, hotel or even residential rental building). The uncertainty implicitly involved in this estimation, both for the future savings and for the yearly differences of incomes, which are usually not very large, both make these investments apparently not so attractive for private investors, especially for owners of residential buildings, with limited self-financing power. Nevertheless, from the society point of view, the benefits created by saving the energy and consequently reducing the carbon foot print, can be very attractive. That is why the public support is often used as an “impulse solution” for implementation of these investments. The Cost Benefit Analysis methodology, particularized for these investments, is presented in this chapter.

scholarly journals Laboratory Validation of Integrated Lighting Systems Retrofit Performance and Energy Savings

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Shackelford ◽  
Paul Mathew ◽  
Cynthia Regnier ◽  
Travis Walter
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Occupant Comfort ◽  
Advanced Controls ◽  
Lighting Systems ◽  
End Use

Light-emitting diodes (LED) fixtures and lamps have emerged as leading technologies for general illumination and are a well-established energy efficiency retrofit measure in commercial buildings (from around 2% of installed fixtures and lamps in 2013 to 28% by 2020). Retrofit approaches that integrate elements, such as networked controls, daylight dimming, and advanced shade technologies lag in comparison. Integrated retrofits have been shown to increase savings over single end-use retrofits, but are perceived as higher complexity and risk. More validation of integrated lighting system performance is needed. This study presents results from laboratory testing of three packages combining fixtures, networked controls, task tuning, and daylight dimming, advanced shades, and lighting layout changes. We characterize performance in perimeter open-office zones, finding energy savings from 20% for daylight dimming and automated shades (no LED retrofit) to over 70% for LED retrofits with advanced controls and shades or lighting layout changes. We present some implementation details, including lessons learned from installation and commissioning in the laboratory setting. We also discuss cost-benefit analysis approaches for the types of packages presented, including the need to quantify and incorporate energy and non-energy benefits for advanced shades packages, which enhance occupant comfort but add significant cost.

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