scholarly journals Optimization of Cooling System for Data Center Case Study: PAU ITB Data Center

2017 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 552-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhmad R.I. Mukaffi ◽  
Rizky S. Arief ◽  
Wisnu Hendradjit ◽  
Rahmat Romadhon
Keyword(s):  
Data Center ◽  
Cooling System

Evaluation of Air-Side Economizer Use in a Compute-Intensive Data Center

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael K. Patterson ◽  
Don Atwood ◽  
John G. Miner
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Temperature Control ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
The Impact

Moore’s Law continues to drive increased compute capability and greater performance per watt in today’s and future server platforms. However the increased demand for compute services has outstripped these gains and the energy consumption in the data center continues to rise. The challenge for the data center operator is to limit the operational costs and reduce the energy required to run the Information and Communications Technology (ICT) equipment and the supporting infrastructure. The cooling systems can represent a large portion of the energy use in the support infrastructure. There is significant focus in industry today on applying advanced cooling technologies to reduce this energy. One potential solution is the use of air-side economizers in the cooling system. This technology can provide a reduction in cooling energy by being able to maintain the required temperatures in the data center with the mechanical refrigeration turned off, significantly reducing the PUE for the data center. This paper reviews recent industry activities around the recommended environmental conditions in the data center, the impact to the ICT equipment of air-side economizers, where they can best be applied, and provides data from a case study recently concluded at Intel’s site in New Mexico. In that case study servers from an engineering compute data center were split into a standard configuration (closed system, tight temperature control) and a very aggressive air-side economization section (open system, significant out-door air quantities, moderate temperature control). Both sections performed equally well over a year long on-line test, with significant energy savings potential demonstrated by economizer side. The American Society of Air-conditioning Heating and Refrigerating Engineers (ASHRAE) has recently published new ICT-vendor consensus-based recommendations for the environmental conditions in data centers. These new limits are discussed in light of the successful experiment run in New Mexico as the revised operational envelop allows a far greater number of hours per year when a data center can be run in “free-cooling” mode to obtain the energy savings. Server design features as well as lessons learned from the experiment and their applicability to the potential use of air-side economizers is also discussed.

Real-Time Cooling Power Attribution for Co-Located Data Center Rooms with Distinct Temperatures and Humidities

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Rongrong Wang ◽  
Duc Van Le ◽  
Rui Tan ◽  
Yew-Wah Wong
Keyword(s):  
Data Center ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Cooling Power ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Control Power ◽  
Air Handling Units ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Heat Transfers ◽  
Distinct Temperature

At present, a co-location data center often applies an identical and low temperature setpoint for its all server rooms. Although increasing the temperature setpoint is a rule-of-thumb approach to reducing the cooling energy usage, the tenants may have different mentalities and technical constraints in accepting higher temperature setpoints. Thus, supporting distinct temperature setpoints is desirable for a co-location data center in pursuing higher energy efficiency. This calls for a new cooling power attribution scheme to address the inter-room heat transfers that can be up to 9% of server load as shown in our real experiments. This article describes our approaches to estimating the inter-room heat transfers, using the estimates to rectify the metered power usages of the rooms’ air handling units, and fairly attributing the power usage of the shared cooling infrastructure (i.e., chiller and cooling tower) to server rooms by following the Shapley value principle. Extensive numeric experiments based on a widely accepted cooling system model are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed cooling power attribution scheme. A case study suggests that the proposed scheme incentivizes rational tenants to adopt their highest acceptable temperature setpoints under a non-cooperative game setting. Further analysis considering distinct relative humidity setpoints shows that our proposed scheme also properly and inherently addresses the attribution of humidity control power.

scholarly journals UNDERSTANDING THE EMBEDDED CARBON CHALLENGES OF BUILDING SERVICE SYSTEMS

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 3279-3288
Author(s):  
Maria Hein ◽  
Darren Anthony Jones ◽  
Claudia Margot Eckert
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Current System ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Carbon Footprints ◽  
Embodied Carbon ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Operational Energy

AbstractEnergy consumed in buildings is a main contributor to CO2 emissions, there is therefore a need to improve the energy performance of buildings, particularly commercial buildings whereby building service systems are often substantially over-designed due to the application of excess margins during the design process.The cooling system of an NHS Hospital was studied and modelled in order to identify if the system was overdesigned, and to quantify the oversizing impact on the system operational and embodied carbon footprints. Looking at the operational energy use and environmental performance of the current system as well as an alternative optimised system through appropriate modelling and calculation, the case study results indicate significant environmental impacts are caused by the oversizing of cooling system.The study also established that it is currently more difficult to obtain an estimate of the embodied carbon footprint of building service systems. It is therefore the responsibility of the machine builders to provide information and data relating to the embodied carbon of their products, which in the longer term, this is likely to become a standard industry requirement.

Strategies for data center temperature control during a cooling system outage

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 146-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mi Lin ◽  
Shuangquan Shao ◽  
Xuanhang (Simon) Zhang ◽  
James W. VanGilder ◽  
Victor Avelar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Control ◽  
Data Center ◽  
Cooling System
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