scholarly journals Selection of intervention components in an internet stop smoking participant preference trial: Beyond randomized controlled trials

2013 ◽  
Vol 205 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Schueller ◽  
Yan Leykin ◽  
Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable ◽  
Ricardo F. Muñoz
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Stop Smoking ◽  
Preference Trial ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Ethical issues of randomized controlled trials

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyotirmoy Sarker
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Human Participants ◽  
Selection Of

Clinical trials involve the application of different medical interventions on human participants. Randomized controlled trials involve different groups of human subjects undergoing different clinical interventions. This process ensures bias free subject allocation which leads to a way to statistically establish the research result. Strict ethical guidance is necessary from selection of participants to the analysis of trial results. Without proper guidance the trial participants would be subjected to unethical experiments. Before starting the randomized controlled trials the investigators must meet all ethics issues. The institutional review board (IRB) must check whether all ethical demands are met or not before permitting the research. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bioethics.v5i1.18441 Bangladesh Journal of Bioethics 2014 Vol.5(1): 1-4

scholarly journals How should a clinician interpret results of randomized controlled trials?

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Virginijus ŠAPOKA ◽  
Vytautas KASIULEVIČIUS ◽  
Janina DIDŽIAPETRIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Sample Size Calculation ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Random Allocation ◽  
Equivalence Testing ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Selection Of

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and systematic reviews are the most reliable methods of determining the effects of treatment. The randomization procedure gives a randomized controlled trial its strength. Random allocation means that all participants have the same chance of being assigned to each of the study groups. The choice of which end point(s) to select is critical to any study design. Intention-to-treat is the preferred approach to the analysis of clinical trials. Sample size calculations and data analyses have an important impact on the planning, interpretation, and conclusions of randomized trials. In this article, we discuss the problematic areas that can affect the outcome of a trial, such as blinding, sample size calculation, randomization; concealment allocation; intention of treating the analysis; selection of end points; selection of traditional versus equivalence testing, early stopped trials, selective publications. Keywords: randomized controlled trials, sample size, outcomes, type of analyses

A method of extracting the number of trial participants from abstracts describing randomized controlled trials

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 354-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie J Hansen ◽  
Nana Ø Rasmussen ◽  
Grace Chung
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Statistical Natural Language Processing ◽  
Trial Participants ◽  
Selection Of

We have developed a method for extracting the number of trial participants from abstracts describing randomized controlled trials (RCTs); the number of trial participants may be an indication of the reliability of the trial. The method depends on statistical natural language processing. The number of interest was determined by a binary supervised classification based on a support vector machine algorithm. The method was trialled on 223 abstracts in which the number of trial participants was identified manually to act as a gold standard. Automatic extraction resulted in 2 false-positive and 19 false-negative classifications. The algorithm was capable of extracting the number of trial participants with an accuracy of 97% and an F-measure of 0.84. The algorithm may improve the selection of relevant articles in regard to question-answering, and hence may assist in decision-making.

scholarly journals APPROACHES TO PERSONALIZED THERAPY

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 418-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. I. Belyalov
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Personalized Therapy ◽  
Personalized Treatment ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Mental Comorbidities ◽  
Somatic Diseases ◽  
Medical Guidelines ◽  
Selection Of

Approaches to personalized therapy based on practical work of physicians are discussed. Personalized treatment considers patient’s interests and position, mechanisms of symptoms, somatic and mental comorbidities, chrono medicine, environment, genetics, and prognosis. Personalized treatment may be more effective, safe and inexpensive in compare with of traditional standardized care based on randomized controlled trials and clinical practice guidelines. Limitations and weaknesses of medical guidelines of authoritative professional societies are also discussed. Recommendations of clinical guidelines are based on randomized controlled trials with strict selection of patients without severe comorbid diseases. Accordingly, trials and guidelines conclusions cannot be applied for patients with heavy comorbidity. This justifies the need for organizational solutions and computer programs for support personalized treatment of patients. It is important to develop institute of primary care physicians and to train specialists in field of comorbid somatic diseases and mental disorders.

scholarly journals Specification of Interventions and Selection of Control in Acupuncture Randomized Controlled Trials: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiali Liu ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Xiaochao Luo ◽  
Xuan Qin ◽  
Ling Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sham Acupuncture ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background: Specification of interventions and selection of control are two methodological determinants for a successful acupuncture trial. However, it is not fully understood about the current practice of these two determinants. We thus conduced a cross-sectional study to examine specification of interventions and selection of control among current acupuncture randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: We searched PubMed for acupuncture RCTs published in the core clinical journals and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) journals from January 2010 to December 2019 (10 years), and included RCTs that assessed treatment effects of acupuncture versus any type of control. Teams of methods-trained investigators who had experiences in acupuncture trials independently screened reports for eligibility and collected data, using a prespecified standardized questionnaire. We used network meta-analyses to investigate whether treatment effect was differential in patients with chronic pain when using sham acupuncture as a control versus using waiting-list or no treatment.Results: Of 319 eligible RCTs, most well specified style of acupuncture (86.8%), acupoint prescription (96.2%), type of needle stimulation (90.3%) and needle retention time (85.6%). However, other acupuncture details were less specified, including achievement of response sought (65.5%) and needle manipulation (50.5%), specification of number of needle insertions (21.9%), angle and direction of insertion (31.3%), patients posture (32.3%) and co-interventions (22.9%). Sham acupuncture (41.4%) was the most frequently used control, followed by waiting-list or no treatment (32.9%). There was no differential treatment effect when using sham acupuncture versus waiting-list/no treatment as a control (SMD = -0.15, 95% CI -0.91 to 0.62).Conclusions: Over a decade of research practice, important gaps remained in the specification of acupuncture interventions, including specification of response sought, needle manipulation, and co-interventions. While sham acupuncture was largely used, waiting-list or no treatment may also be used as an appropriate control.

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