Session Rating of Perceived Exertion (sRPE), workload, and volume load relationships during off-season resistance training in NCAA division II baseball players: An exploratory analysis

Purpose: To compare muscle thickness and 10-repetition maximum (10RM) between no load reduction and load reductions during 16 wk of resistance training. Methods: A total of 21 moderately trained men (age 23.2 [4.2] y, body mass 75.1 [7.6] kg, height 175 [4] cm) were randomized into 1 of 3 exercise groups: control (CON, n = 7), all sets with 10RM load; 5% load reduction (RED 5, n = 7); and 10% load reduction (RED 10, n = 7) for set 2 and set 3. The resistance training program consisted of completing 3 sets each of biceps and Scott curls, performed to volitional fatigue 3 d·wk−1. Results: Volume load lifted over the 16 wk was similar among groups (CON, 38,495 [4397] kg; RED 5, 37,388 [3684] kg; RED 10, 42,634 [6733] kg; P = .094). Muscle thickness increased in all groups (P < .001), with no differences noted among groups (P = .976). Biceps-curl and Scott-curl 10RM increased in all groups (P < .001), with no differences noted among groups (Scott curl P = .238; biceps curl P = .401). Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was significantly lower for RED 10 (6.8 [0.1]) than for CON (7.0 [0.1]; P < .001) or RED 5 (7.1 [0.1]; P = .001) for the Scott curl. RPE was significantly lower (P = .001) for the biceps curl in RED 10 (6.8 [0.3]) than in CON (7.3 [0.9]), with neither group different from RED 5 (7.0 [0.1]). Conclusions: Load reduction did not yield a difference in hypertrophy or 10RM as compared with CON. However, RED 10 induced a significantly lower RPE. Thus, load reduction may be a beneficial strategy to reduce the perception of effort during training while achieving similar improvements in hypertrophy and strength.

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The range of motion of the back squat exercise affects absolute volume load without changing the rating of perceived exertion

Brazilian Journal of Kinanthropometry and Human Performance ◽

10.1590/1980-0037.2020v22e58196 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 ◽

Author(s):

Josinaldo Jarbas da Silva ◽

Willy Andrade Gomes ◽

Silvio Luiz Pecoraro ◽

Enrico Gori Soares ◽

Roberto Aparecido Magalhães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Training Session ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Training Experience ◽

Relative Load ◽

Volume Load ◽

Back Squat ◽

Maximal Load

Abstract The range of motion (ROM) may affect the external maximal load during back squat (BS) exercise. The correct ROM manipulation can be useful as an exercise load manipulation strategy, changing the volume load during a resistance training session. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of ROM on relative load, absolute load and the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during partial and full BS exercise with adjusted loads. Fifteen male individuals (age: 26.5±4.5 years; height: 173±6 cm; body mass: 80.6 ± 8.8 kg; resistance training experience 5±3 years) participated in this study. The experimental procedure was conducted in two sessions. In the first session, brief familiarization and a 10-repetition maximal test (10-RM) was performed for partial (PBS) and full BS exercise (FBS) with 30-min of rest interval. During the second session, all subjects performed 1 set of 10-RM in both conditions (partial and full ROM), and relative load, absolute load, and RPE were evaluated. A paired t-test was used to compare means. The results showed higher values for PBS when compared to FE exercise: relative load (PBS: 1.14±0.24xBW vs. FBS: 0.87±0.24xBW; P<0.001), and absolute load (PBS: 925±249 kg x FBS: 708±232 kg, P<0.001). Similar RPE was observed between conditions (PBS: 8.6±1.3 IEP x FBS: 8.5±1.0 IEP, P=0.855). It was concluded that PBS allowed higher relative load and absolute load during 10RM, without effects on RPE.

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The Relationship Between Bat Velocity And Measures Of Strength And Power In Ncaa Division Ii Baseball Players

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000486872.87662.8d ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 624

Author(s):

Brandon Snyder ◽

Jason Kelmer ◽

Gavin Moir ◽

Shala Davis ◽

Matt Miltenberger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ncaa Division Ii ◽

Baseball Players ◽

Division Ii ◽

Bat Velocity ◽

The Relationship

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Effects of subjective and objective autoregulation methods for intensity and volume on enhancing maximal strength during resistance-training interventions: a systematic review

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.10663 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. e10663

Author(s):

Stian Larsen ◽

Eirik Kristiansen ◽

Roland van den Tillaar

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

English Language ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Training Intervention ◽

Maximal Strength ◽

Critical Determinant ◽

Strength Assessment ◽

Training Interventions ◽

Measuring Tool

Background Maximal strength is a critical determinant of performance in numerous sports. Autoregulation is a resistance training prescription approach to adjust training variables based on the individuals’ daily fluctuations in performance, which are a result of training-induced fitness and fatigue, together with readiness from daily non-training stressors. Objective This review aimed to summarise the effects of different subjective and objective autoregulation methods for intensity and volume on enhancing maximal strength. Materials and Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted through SPORTDiscus, PubMed and Google Scholar. Studies had to meet the following criteria to be included in the review: (1) estimation of 1-RM or a 1-RM test for both pre-test and post-test to measure progression in strength assessment during the training intervention, (2) a training comparison group, (3) participants were healthy, (4) the article had a detailed description of training intensity, training volume, and training frequency during the training intervention, (5) the training intervention lasted for more than four weeks, (6) studies with objective autoregulation methods utilised a validated measuring tool to monitor velocity, (7) English-language studies. Results Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 30 training groups and 356 participants. Effect size and percentage differences were calculated for 13 out of 14 studies to compare the effects of different training interventions. All autoregulation training protocols resulted in an increase in 1-RM, from small ES to large ES. Conclusion Overall, our findings suggest that using both subjective autoregulation methods for intensity, such as repetitions in reserve rating of perceived exertion and flexible daily undulation periodisation, together with objective autoregulation methods for autoregulation intensity and volume, such as velocity targets and velocity loss, could be effective methods for enhancing maximal strength. It is speculated that this is because the implementation of autoregulation into a periodised plan may take into account the athletes’ daily fluctuations, such as fluctuations in fitness, fatigue, and readiness to train. When training with a validated measuring tool to monitor velocity, this may provide objective augmented intra- and interset feedback during the resistance exercise who could be beneficial for increasing maximal strength. Coaches, practitioners, and athletes are encouraged to implement such autoregulation methods into a periodised plan when the goal is to enhance maximal strength.

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The effect of self myofascial release and static stretching on the antagonist muscles before agonist performance

Revista Andaluza de Medicina del Deporte ◽

10.33155/j.ramd.2020.04.002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 233-237

Author(s):

Rogerson Pessanha Da Ressurreição ◽

Eric Rosário Pereira ◽

Luis Fernando Martinez ◽

Igor Nasser ◽

João Antônio Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perceived Exertion ◽

Random Order ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Static Stretching ◽

Leg Extension ◽

Myofascial Release ◽

The Third ◽

Volume Load ◽

Maximum Test ◽

Antagonist Muscles

Objective: the aim of this study was to compare differences in volume load, total repetition performed and rating of perceived exertion between static stretching and self-myofascial release on antagonist muscles. Methods: Eighteen recreationally trained men (23.4 ± 3.3 years; 80.7 ± 11.1 kg; 1.76 ± 0.06 cm) performed 10 repetitions maximum test and retest in the leg extension exercise on the first two visits. Then, three experimental sessions were conducted in a random order, in which two consisted of self-myofascial release and static stretching on hamstrings, and the other was used as a control. Results: significant higher repetitions were performed in the third set of static stretching when compared to control protocol. Additionally, significant reductions in total repetitions performed were observed only in the control session. No significant differences were noticed in the volume load of leg extension and rating of perceived exertion between protocols. Conclusion: self-myofascial release and static stretching performed before a session in the antagonist muscles can maintain repetitions performance by optimizing recovery between sets and reducing fatigue of agonist muscle.

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Impact of Low Hemoglobin on Body Composition, Strength, and Redox Status of Older Hemodialysis Patients Following Resistance Training

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.619054 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Victor da Silva ◽

Hugo Corrêa ◽

Rodrigo Neves ◽

Lysleine Deus ◽

Andrea Reis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Redox Balance ◽

Hemodialysis Patients ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Exercise Session ◽

Maintenance Hemodialysis

IntroductionThe purpose of this study was to: (i) investigate the effect of six months of resistance training (RT) on body composition, muscle strength, hematological patterns, and redox profile in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients, and; (ii) evaluate the effects of baseline concentrations of hemoglobin on the RT response.MethodsOne hundred fifty-seven subjects with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were randomly allocated into two groups: Control [CTL, (n = 76)] and RT (n = 81). A first visit was required for anamnesis and anthropometric measurements. Venous blood samples were collected at baseline and after twenty-four weeks of training in all patients for the analysis of clinical and redox balance markers. The RT program spanned six months and consisted of three sets of 8–12 repetitions with a rating of perceived exertion between 5 and 8 for three weekly sessions. Each exercise session was performed in twelve resistance exercises and it least for approximately 40 min.ResultsThe main results demonstrated that RT decreased waist circumference by 3%, and decreased thiobarbituric reactive species (TBARS) by 28%. Moreover, RT increased handgrip strength by 28.4%, fat-free mass by 4.1%, hemoglobin by 5%, iron by 33.4%, glutathione by 121%, and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity by 14.2% (p < 0.05). Low hemoglobin concentrations impaired the effect of RT on fat-free mass gain.ConclusionSix months of RT in HD patients improved clinical parameters, such as hemoglobin, iron, body composition, and redox balance, while low hemoglobin concentration impaired exercise-benefits on fat-free mass in patients with CKD. These findings can contribute to a better clinical application of RT in the maintenance of hemodialysis patients.

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Acute Physiological Responses And Rating Of Perceived Exertion Scale In Resistance Training To Failure

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000485831.20109.f9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 277

Author(s):

Kentaro Terada ◽

Naoki Kikuchi ◽

Koichi Nakazato

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion

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Physiological and rating of perceived exertion responses to resistance training sessions with and without vascular occlusion

Isokinetics and Exercise Science ◽

10.3233/ies-160650 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 91-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amanda C. de Araújo ◽

Adalberto Ferreira Junior ◽

Stefany K. de Oliveira ◽

Julio C. Schamne ◽

Nilo M. Okuno

Keyword(s):

Resistance Training ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Vascular Occlusion ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion

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Acute mechanical, physiological and perceptual responses in older men to traditional-set or different cluster-set configuration resistance training protocols

European Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00421-020-04453-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 120 (10) ◽

pp. 2311-2323

Author(s):

Antonio Dello Iacono ◽

Domenico Martone ◽

Lawrence Hayes

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Older Men ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Pairwise Comparisons ◽

Back Squat ◽

Cluster Set ◽

Main Effect ◽

Training Protocols

Abstract Purpose The aims of this study were to compare mechanical outputs (i.e. power and impulse), physiological (i.e. heart rate) and perceptual (i.e. effort and fatigue) responses in older men to traditional-set or different cluster-set configuration resistance training protocols. Methods In a randomized cross-over design, 20 healthy old men (aged 67.2 ± 2.1 years) completed four resistance training sessions using the back squat exercise loaded with optimal power loads. Training configurations were: traditional (TRA), three sets of six repetitions with 120-s rest between each set; Cluster-set 1 (CLU1), 24 single-repetition clusters with 10 s of rest after every cluster; Cluster-set 2 (CLU2), 12 double-repetition clusters with 20-s rest after every cluster; and Cluster-set 4 (CLU4), 6 quadruple-repetition clusters with 40-s rest after every cluster. Results Cluster-set configurations resulted in greater power outputs compared to traditional-set configuration (range 2.6–9.2%, all p$$\le$$ ≤ 0.07 for main effect and protocol $$\times$$ × set interactions). CLU1 and CLU2 induced higher heart rate (range 7.1–10.5%, all p < 0.001 for main effect and protocol $$\times$$ × set interactions), lower rating of perceived exertion (range − 1.3 to − 3.2 AU, all p$$\le$$ ≤ 0.006 for pairwise comparisons) and lower ratings of fatigue (range − 0.15 to − 4 AU, all p$$\le$$ ≤ 0.012 for pairwise comparisons) compared to TRA and CLU4. Finally, an absolute preference for CLU2 was reported. Conclusions Findings presented here support the prescription of CLU2 as an optimal resistance training configuration for trained older men using the back squat.

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