Three-dimensional joint kinematic and two-dimensional quality of movement comparison between lateral and forward step-downs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Werner ◽  
Ryne W. Davis ◽  
Andrew Hinton ◽  
Samantha K. Price ◽  
Jimmy L. Rowland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Joint Kinematic ◽  
Quality Of Movement

The Representation of Experience in Architectural Design

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Zobel
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Immersive Environments ◽  
Architectural Space ◽  
Experiential Quality

Architecture, which is by its very nature a three-dimensional art, has in the last 500 years evolved to a stage where nearly all of the design exploration and visualization occur in any of a number of two-dimensional media. These media do not effectively portray the experiential quality of approaching, entering, and moving through an architectural space, an aspect which is primary to any design. In discussing this, James J. Gibson's concept of affordance will be used as a basis for the examination of a variety of media that are commonly used to describe the experiential quality of architecture, and how each of these media speaks to this frequently neglected characteristic. Particular attention will be given to the new technology of computer-generated immersive environments, which as a design medium promises to bring the issue of experiential quality in architecture to the forefront of design. Examples of each of the most common media, physical models, perspectives, noninteractive screen-based architectural walk throughs, interactive screen-based architectural walk throughs, and computer-generated immersive environments, will be examined as to their utility in experiential description. A discussion of the specific characteristics of each of the electronic media and the applications benefits and drawbacks will be included.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF MACROSEGREGATION IN INGOT CASTING

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
M. O. Assunção Jr ◽  
M. Vynnycky
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Ingot Casting ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Computational Simulations ◽  
Macroscopic Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

The occurrence of macrosegregation in alloys produced by ingot casting can adversely affect the quality of the final product. Macrosegregation can be described as a severe variation on the macroscopic scale of the chemical species that compose the alloy, and the ability of computational simulations to predict such defects remains far from perfect. Therefore, this research focuses on the development of a two-dimensional mathematical model that - through computational simulations - could be applied to study and predict the formation of macrosegregation in the ingot casting of binary alloys. Once accomplished, this work can establish the framework to new studies that will tackle more advanced problems, e.g., for actual ingot geometries, three-dimensional models and industrially-important ternary alloys.

AN IMPROVED 3DRP PET IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION METHOD WITH REBINNED DIRECT IMAGE ESTIMATE

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (05) ◽  
pp. 237-245
Author(s):  
WEI-MIN JENG ◽  
HSUAN-HUI WANG
Keyword(s):  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Direct Image ◽  
Projection Data ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Image

The quality of traditional two-dimensional image reconstruction for PET has been efficiently improved by three-dimensional image reconstruction, but the sensitivity of the data and the quality of the image are restricted by the limit of modality physics. In analytical image reconstruction algorithm, 3DRP method compensates the unmeasured events by forward projection based on the initial direct image estimate. However, the original 3DRP method merely depends on the parallel projections without taking into account the oblique projections. In our proposed 3DRP-SSRB method, we improve the first image estimate by incorporating the rebinned oblique data. SSRB method was used to perform the rebinning operation to make uses of the oblique projection data to improve the sensitivity information. And then project the improved image estimate forward and reconstruct the final image. Conflicting parameters of reconstructed image quality of 3DRP are experimented by simulated three-dimensional phantom study with regard to both system sensitivity and image quality factors. PET simulation software package was used to conduct the experiment along with the MATLAB software to evaluate the effectiveness of two-dimensional FBP, 3DRP, and our proposed 3DRP-SSRB methods. The result demonstrated its better image quality by having better mean squared error numbers in most of output image slices.

scholarly journals Algorithm of reconstruction of a three-dimensional crystal structure from two-dimensional projections

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Kirsh ◽  
A.S. Shirokanev ◽  
A.V. Kupriyanov
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Reconstruction Error ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Total Reconstruction ◽  
Dimensional Crystal

The article deals with a problem of three-dimensional crystal lattice reconstruction, which is an important stage in the X-ray structural analysis. The accuracy of parametric and structural identification of crystals directly depends on the quality of crystal lattice reconstruction. The proposed algorithm of reconstruction of a three-dimensional crystal lattice is based on minimizing the distances from each node to a line projected onto a specified plane. Three sets of two-dimensional node coordinates, obtained from three two-dimensional projections, are used as input data. We performed an analytical calculation of the reconstruction error, allowing the total reconstruction accuracy to be estimated. The results of computational experiments confirmed the high quality of the proposed reconstruction algorithms and its stability against the distortion of node coordinates. In addition, we revealed a problem of lattice system separability, with the identification accuracy for monoclinic, rhombic and tetragonal systems found to be 34%, 53% and 10%, respectively.

Analysis of Dot Micro-Morphology for Image Replication Quality Evaluation

2015 ◽  
Vol 731 ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Xiao Lin Qiu ◽  
Tian Ma Wang
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Test System ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Value Differences ◽  
Printing Quality ◽  
Replication Quality ◽  
Dimensional Shape ◽  
Micro Morphology ◽  
Three Dimensional Shape

Dot is the smallest structural unit of image printing. Micro-characteristic of each printing dot such as spreading area, dot shape and three-dimensional shape which are formed on the surface of substrates affect the image replication quality directly. It is significant to accurately extract and analyze dot microstructure in the process of image transfer for evaluating the quality of image replication .Different shapes of printing dots from the standard offset proof are extracted through microscopic test system. The optimal threshold segmentation algorithm was determined by experiment which gets accurate microscopic quantitative value of the dot, the obtained two-dimensional and three-dimensional shape of printing dot became the basis to evaluate the quality of image replication. The between-cluster variance method is used for dot image segmentation. The research was carried on to track image edge after image threshold and to extract the characteristic parameters to accurately characterize the two-dimensional shape, thus characterizing the image replication quality of dot plane form accordingly; on the basis of collected dot two-dimensional data, the experiment was conducted to combine with gray value differences of single dot caused from ink accumulation within its shape areas. Besides, dot density contour and three-dimensional data were quantized by programming in order to restore three-dimensional shape of printing dot on the surface of substrates quantitatively and intuitively. It shows that quality of dot micro-morphology is the fundamental guarantee of image replication quality. The changes of dot shape, area as well as three-dimensional shape in the process of image replication affect the printing quality. Extraction and analysis dot microstructure can detect dot replication quality intuitively which becomes new method to evaluate image replication quality.

Introduction: The Marble Camera

2017 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Steven Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Artistic Practice ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Essential Quality ◽  
Plaster Casts

According to Rudolf Arnheim, “much sculpture lacks the essential quality of life, namely, motion.” This is why, no doubt, marble statues and plaster casts played such an important role in the works of early photographers of the late 1830s and 1840s, who had to cope with long exposure times. Given this perspective, what can be said about the relation between sculpture and film, a medium often first and foremost characterized by motion? This book deals with a wide range of magical, mystical, cultural, historical, formal, and phenomenological interactions between the two media. Apart from the contrast between stillness and movement, sculpture and film can be seen as opposites in other ways. Whereas sculpture is an artistic practice that involves not only static but also material, three-dimensional, and durable objects, the cinema produces kinetic, immaterial, two-dimensional, and volatile images.

Depth and Image Quality of Three-Dimensional, Lenticular-Sheet Images

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 1338-1342
Author(s):  
H. Boyd Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Image Quality ◽  
General Population ◽  
Magnitude Estimation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Two Dimensional

This study investigated the inherent tradeoff between depth and image quality in lenticular-sheet (LS) imaging. Four different scenes were generated as experimental stimuli to represent a range of typical LS images. The overall amount of depth in each image, as well as the degree of foreground and background disparity, were varied, and the images were rated by subjects using the free-modulus magnitude estimation procedure. Generally, subjects preferred images which had smaller amounts of overall depth and tended to dislike excessive amounts of foreground or background disparity. The most preferred image was also determined for each scene by selecting the image with the highest mean rating. In a second experiment, these most preferred LS images for each scene were shown to subjects along with the analogous two-dimensional (2D) photographic versions. Results indicate that observers from the general population looked at the LS images longer than they did at the 2D versions and rated them higher on the attributes of quality of depth and attention-getting ability, although the LS images were rated lower on sharpness. No difference was found in overall quality or likeability.

scholarly journals THE RELATION OF INTERIOR SPACES WITH URBAN CONTEXT

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
Tulsi N. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Interior Spaces ◽  
Common Transition ◽  
The City

Space, it is the area provided for particular purpose. Space can be two dimensional, three dimensional or multi. The perception of a space is known by its functionality and quality. Space does not define the use or behavior. Space can be identified as interior, exterior, common, transition; public, personal etc. 90 percent of our daily lives are spent inside. That is our experience of the city – moving from one interior to another. So our remit is to improve the quality of life for citizen, focusing on the quality of interior spaces.

scholarly journals Factors behind burnout increase in medical students. Are the criteria so important?

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Campelo Bedê Vale ◽  
José Hícaro Hellano Gonçalves Lima Paiva ◽  
Vitória Nunes Medeiros ◽  
Pedro Ítalo Oliveira Gomes ◽  
Hellen Cryslen Bernardo Bezerra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Maslach Burnout Inventory ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Mental Comorbidities

Abstract: Introduction: Medical students’ mental health has been a concern to the scientific community, especially as a result of the epidemic of mental comorbidities that have become commonplace among the various social groups in modern society. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of Burnout among first- to fourth- year medical students and compare different criteria to define the syndrome. Methods: A total of 511 students from three universities in Brazil answered validated instruments to assess burnout (The Maslach Burnout Inventory) and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF), and a questionnaire prepared by the authors to assess sociodemographic data Results: There was a prevalence of 31.1% of three-dimensional burnout, 37% of two-dimensional burnout and 44,8% of one-dimensional burnout. There were worse levels of emotional exhaustion among students with two-dimensional burnout, compared to those with only one-dimensional criterion, and worse levels of depersonalization among students with three-dimensional burnout, compared to those with two-dimensional criterion only. The same assessed variables showed correlation with all three criteria. Considering the four domains of quality of life - psychological, physical, environment and social relationships, the psychological and physical domains were the ones that correlated the most to all three aspects of the three-dimensional criteria. Emotional exhaustion was the dimension with the strongest association with three of the four quality of life domains. Conclusions: We question whether the three-dimensional criterion should really be the gold standard to define Burnout.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document