The Representation of Experience in Architectural Design

1995 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Zobel
Keyword(s):  
Architectural Design ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Immersive Environments ◽  
Architectural Space ◽  
Experiential Quality

Architecture, which is by its very nature a three-dimensional art, has in the last 500 years evolved to a stage where nearly all of the design exploration and visualization occur in any of a number of two-dimensional media. These media do not effectively portray the experiential quality of approaching, entering, and moving through an architectural space, an aspect which is primary to any design. In discussing this, James J. Gibson's concept of affordance will be used as a basis for the examination of a variety of media that are commonly used to describe the experiential quality of architecture, and how each of these media speaks to this frequently neglected characteristic. Particular attention will be given to the new technology of computer-generated immersive environments, which as a design medium promises to bring the issue of experiential quality in architecture to the forefront of design. Examples of each of the most common media, physical models, perspectives, noninteractive screen-based architectural walk throughs, interactive screen-based architectural walk throughs, and computer-generated immersive environments, will be examined as to their utility in experiential description. A discussion of the specific characteristics of each of the electronic media and the applications benefits and drawbacks will be included.

The superiority of three-dimensional physical models to two-dimensional computer presentations in anatomy learning

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 1138-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Wainman ◽  
Liliana Wolak ◽  
Giancarlo Pukas ◽  
Eric Zheng ◽  
Geoffrey R Norman
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Two Dimensional

scholarly journals The three-dimensional lattice as an architectural space

2018 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Andrey Bolshakov
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Architectural Space ◽  
Spatial Lattice ◽  
Spatial Grids ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Main Material

Space is the main material with which the architect works. The space organized by the means of architecture is an art environment for the life of society. With many aspects of the organization of space, which are studied in the literature, the problem of their assembly and integration remains unsolved. The paper proposes a method of assembling spatial representations in architecture-the correlation of the spatial lattice and the factors of its form-formation, considered in the system, i.e. together. The approach is that in a broad overview of the world architecture, both in its theory and in practice, from historical to modern, examples of modification of spatial grids under the influence of one or a group of dominant factors are revealed. As a result, provisions on the relationship of the geometry of spatial grids with the following factors have been revealed: publicity and privacy; architectonics, the influence of the lattice on the differentiation of the streams of human movement; the architecture’s ability to carry a message; navigation properties, evaluation of connectivity and centrality of places in the spatial lattice; evaluation of the quality of the composition through the identification of ways of order and randomness in the elements of the spatial lattice. The results of the work can be used both for theoretical understanding of the architectural space in the study and design of architecture, and in architectural education.

scholarly journals The Biomechanics of Erections: Modeling the Penis as a One-Comparment Pressurized Vessel vs. Modeling it as a Two-Compartments Pressurized Vessel

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mohamed ◽  
A. Erdman ◽  
G. Timm
Keyword(s):  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Tunica Albuginea ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Von Mises Stress ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One

Previous biomechanical models of the penis that have attempted to simulate penile erections have either been limited to two-dimensional geometry, simplified three-dimensional geometry or made inaccurate assumptions altogether. Most models designed the shaft of the penis as a one-compartment pressurized vessel fixed at one end, when in reality it is a two-compartments pressurized vessel, in which the compartments diverge as they enter the body and are fixed at two separate points. This study began by designing simplified two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of the erect penis using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) methods with varying anatomical considerations for analyzing structural stresses, axial buckling and lateral deformation. The study then validated the results by building physical models replicating the computer models. Finally a more complex and anatomically accurate model of the penis was designed and analyzed. There was a significant difference in the peak von-Mises stress distribution between the one-compartment pressurized vessel and the more anatomically correct two-compartments pressurized vessel. Furthermore, the two-compartments diverging pressurized vessel was found to have more structural integrity when subject to external lateral forces than the one-compartment pressurized vessel. This study suggests that Mother Nature has favored an anatomy of two corporal cavernosal bodies separated by a perforated septum as opposed to one corporal body, due to better structural integrity of the tunica albuginea when subject to external forces.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF MACROSEGREGATION IN INGOT CASTING

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
M. O. Assunção Jr ◽  
M. Vynnycky
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Ternary Alloys ◽  
Ingot Casting ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Computational Simulations ◽  
Macroscopic Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

The occurrence of macrosegregation in alloys produced by ingot casting can adversely affect the quality of the final product. Macrosegregation can be described as a severe variation on the macroscopic scale of the chemical species that compose the alloy, and the ability of computational simulations to predict such defects remains far from perfect. Therefore, this research focuses on the development of a two-dimensional mathematical model that - through computational simulations - could be applied to study and predict the formation of macrosegregation in the ingot casting of binary alloys. Once accomplished, this work can establish the framework to new studies that will tackle more advanced problems, e.g., for actual ingot geometries, three-dimensional models and industrially-important ternary alloys.

AN IMPROVED 3DRP PET IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION METHOD WITH REBINNED DIRECT IMAGE ESTIMATE

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (05) ◽  
pp. 237-245
Author(s):  
WEI-MIN JENG ◽  
HSUAN-HUI WANG
Keyword(s):  
Image Reconstruction ◽  
Image Quality ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Direct Image ◽  
Projection Data ◽  
Reconstruction Method ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Image

The quality of traditional two-dimensional image reconstruction for PET has been efficiently improved by three-dimensional image reconstruction, but the sensitivity of the data and the quality of the image are restricted by the limit of modality physics. In analytical image reconstruction algorithm, 3DRP method compensates the unmeasured events by forward projection based on the initial direct image estimate. However, the original 3DRP method merely depends on the parallel projections without taking into account the oblique projections. In our proposed 3DRP-SSRB method, we improve the first image estimate by incorporating the rebinned oblique data. SSRB method was used to perform the rebinning operation to make uses of the oblique projection data to improve the sensitivity information. And then project the improved image estimate forward and reconstruct the final image. Conflicting parameters of reconstructed image quality of 3DRP are experimented by simulated three-dimensional phantom study with regard to both system sensitivity and image quality factors. PET simulation software package was used to conduct the experiment along with the MATLAB software to evaluate the effectiveness of two-dimensional FBP, 3DRP, and our proposed 3DRP-SSRB methods. The result demonstrated its better image quality by having better mean squared error numbers in most of output image slices.

Design Space Exploration of 3D CPUs and Micro-Fluidic Heatsinks With Thermo-Electrical-Physical Co-Optimization

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caleb Serafy ◽  
Ankur Srivastava ◽  
Avram Bar-Cohen ◽  
Donald Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Design Space Exploration ◽  
Design Space ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
3D Design

Three-dimensional integration (3D IC) is a new technology that shows great potential for high performance and energy efficiency. However past work has shown that 3D ICs suffer from serious thermal issues, and advanced cooling solutions such as micro-fluidic cooling are necessary to realize the true potential of these systems. The interactions between thermal, electrical and physical aspects of a 3D design with micro-fluidic cooling are substantial, and a comprehensive co-design approach to address them simultaneously is a must. Such co-design techniques are required throughout the design process, including during architectural design space exploration (DSE) in order to ensure that optimal design choices are not overlooked. In this paper we propose a DSE framework for 3D CPUs with micro-fluidic cooling that applies electro-thermal optimization techniques to the circuit layout and the heatsink design. By considering such physical optimization techniques we provide a more accurate view of a 3D architecture’s thermal and timing feasibility, as well as its performance and energy efficiency. Using our proposed thermo-electrical-physical co-design DSE framework we are able to improve performance by 1.54x and energy efficiency by 1.26x.

scholarly journals Geomatics Techniques for Submerged Heritage: a Mobile App for Tourism

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Mobile App ◽  
Human Errors ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Ancient City ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

The tourism sector is one of the major industries in Italy that has a high impact on local communities in terms of employment and economy. To show the results of a research project highlighting the use of new technology in the tourism sector, the Geomatics Laboratory of the Mediterranea University of Reggio Calabria has developed a mobile application for tourism. The case study is "Calarcheo Park", a nonaccessible underwater archaeological park located in Reggio Calabria, near the remains of the old walls of the ancient city of Reggio Calabria (Reghion, dating back to about the VIII B.C.). The main aim of this paper is to describe the process to relive and re-propose the experience of a real immersion through a journey in virtual reality. Particular attention was given to the research part concerning the simplification processes of the models inserted within an app for tourism sector. The concept app includes scenarios (seabed) and objects (Castle and artefact) obtained from three-dimensional models realized through photogrammetric techniques, therefore "heavy" models in terms of space necessary to store them, recall them and possibly process them. Considering the visualization purpose, and the metric precision needed, the 3d models were reconstructed using a rapid method. To minimize the difficulties during the direct underwater survey carried out by a human operator (e.g. limited time available during the survey, accentuated inaccuracy due to human errors), the operations were carried out using an experimental ROV (Remote Operated Vehicles), widely used to explore underwater environments, equipped with cameras to perform photogrammetric acquisition in a single dive. To enhance the results and quality of the 3d model, a procedure to improve the image quality, and optimizing the processing is also described. This work therefore illustrates the possibilities of using 3D models created by geomatics techniques within virtual environments for apps for tourism purposes

scholarly journals Algorithm of reconstruction of a three-dimensional crystal structure from two-dimensional projections

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.V. Kirsh ◽  
A.S. Shirokanev ◽  
A.V. Kupriyanov
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Lattice ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Analytical Calculation ◽  
Reconstruction Error ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Reconstruction Algorithms ◽  
Total Reconstruction ◽  
Dimensional Crystal

The article deals with a problem of three-dimensional crystal lattice reconstruction, which is an important stage in the X-ray structural analysis. The accuracy of parametric and structural identification of crystals directly depends on the quality of crystal lattice reconstruction. The proposed algorithm of reconstruction of a three-dimensional crystal lattice is based on minimizing the distances from each node to a line projected onto a specified plane. Three sets of two-dimensional node coordinates, obtained from three two-dimensional projections, are used as input data. We performed an analytical calculation of the reconstruction error, allowing the total reconstruction accuracy to be estimated. The results of computational experiments confirmed the high quality of the proposed reconstruction algorithms and its stability against the distortion of node coordinates. In addition, we revealed a problem of lattice system separability, with the identification accuracy for monoclinic, rhombic and tetragonal systems found to be 34%, 53% and 10%, respectively.

Three-dimensional joint kinematic and two-dimensional quality of movement comparison between lateral and forward step-downs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Werner ◽  
Ryne W. Davis ◽  
Andrew Hinton ◽  
Samantha K. Price ◽  
Jimmy L. Rowland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Joint Kinematic ◽  
Quality Of Movement
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document