Exploring disparities in incidence and mortality rates of breast and gynecologic cancers according to the Human Development Index in the Pan-American region

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) has high incidence and mortality rates among the reproductive system cancers. This study investigated the relationship between the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) of OC and Human Development Index (HDI) in European countries in 2012. Methods: This ecological study assessed the correlation between the ASIR and ASMR of OC and HDI and its components including life expectancy at birth, average years of schooling, and gross national income (GNI) per capita. Bivariate correlation analysis was used for assessing the correlation between the ASIR and ASMR of OC and HDI and its components. All reported P values were two-sided. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (Version 15.0, SPSS Inc.). Results: The maximum ASIR of OC was observed in Latvia, Bulgaria, and Poland. The highest ASMR of OC was observed in Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. The incidence and mortality rates of OC are expected to increase between 2012 and 2035. This increase will be more pronounced in women ≥ 65 years. HDI had a weak negative correlation with the ASIR of OC (r=- 0.213; P=0.186) and a weak positive correlation with the ASMR of OC (r=0.072; P=0.659). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, health policy makers must make appropriate decisions to deal with the increasing morbidity and mortality of OC, especially in women over 65 years of age, in regions with lower access to prevention and treatment services.

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Global Incidence and Mortality Rates of Stomach Cancer and the Human Development Index: an Ecological Study

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention ◽

10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.1701 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 1701-1704 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Salman Khazaei ◽

Shahab Rezaeian ◽

Mokhtar Soheylizad ◽

Somayeh Khazaei ◽

Azam Biderafsh

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Stomach Cancer ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Development Index ◽

Incidence And Mortality

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Association between the incidence and mortality rates for corpus uteri cancer and human development index (HDI): a global ecological study

Obstetrics & Gynecology Science ◽

10.5468/ogs.2020.63.2.141 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 141-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zaher Khazaei ◽

Elham Goodarzi ◽

Malihe Sohrabivafa ◽

Hasan Naemi ◽

Kamyar Mansori

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Development Index ◽

Corpus Uteri ◽

Incidence And Mortality

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The association between incidence and mortality of brain cancer and human development index (HDI): an ecological study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-020-09838-4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zaher Khazaei ◽

Elham Goodarzi ◽

Vahidreza Borhaninejad ◽

Farhad Iranmanesh ◽

Hosein Mirshekarpour ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Human Development ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Brain Cancer ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Ecological Study ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Development Index ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Years Of Schooling

Abstract Background Brain cancer is a rare and deadly malignancy with a low survival rate. The present study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of brain cancer and its relationship with the human development index (HDI) worldwide. Methods This is an ecological study. The data on cancer incidence and cancer mortality was extracted from the World Bank for Cancer in 2018 (GLOBOCAN 2018). The incidence, mortality rate, and brain cancer distribution maps were drawn for different countries. We used correlation and regression tests to examine the association of incidence and mortality rates of brain cancer with HDI. The statistical analysis was carried out by Stata-14 and a significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results According to the results of Global Cancer Registry in 2018, there were 18,078,957 registered cases of cancer in both sexes, of which 29,681 were related to brain cancer. The highest incidence (102,260 cases, 34.4%) and mortality (77,815 cases, 32.3%) belonged to very high HDI regions. Results showed that incidence (r = 0.690, P < 0.0001) and mortality rates (r = 0.629, P < 0.001) of brain cancer are significantly correlated with HDI. We also observed a positive correlation between brain cancer incidence and Gross National Income (GNI) (r = 0.346, P < 0.001), Mean Years of Schooling (MYS) (r = 0.64, P < 0.001), TABLE (LEB) (r = 0.66, P < 0.001) and Expected Years of Schooling (EYS) (r = 0.667, P < 0.001). Results also revealed that mortality rate was significantly correlated with GNI (r = 0.28, P < 0.01), MYS (r = 0.591, P < 0.01), LEB (r = 0.624, P < 0.01), and EYS (r = 0.605, P < 0.01). Conclusion The results of the study showed that the incidence and mortality of brain cancer in countries with higher HDI levels is higher than countries with lower HDI levels, so attention to risk factors and action to reduce it in countries with higher HDI levels in controlling this cancer in this Countries are effective.

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Spatial dynamics of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268821000479 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 149 ◽

Author(s):

R. R. Castro ◽

R. S. C. Santos ◽

G. J. B. Sousa ◽

Y. T. Pinheiro ◽

R. R. I. M. Martins ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Development ◽

Human Development Index ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Weighted Regression ◽

Socioeconomic Indicators ◽

Social Vulnerability Index ◽

Development Index ◽

The North ◽

Incidence And Mortality ◽

Geographic Weighted Regression

Abstract The objective of this study was to analyse the dynamics of spatial dispersion of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Brazil by correlating them to socioeconomic indicators. This is an ecological study of COVID-19 cases and deaths between 26 February and 31 July 2020. All Brazilian counties were used as units of analysis. The incidence, mortality, Bayesian incidence and mortality rates, global and local Moran indices were calculated. A geographic weighted regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between incidence and mortality due to COVID-19 and socioeconomic indicators (independent variables). There were confirmed 2 662 485 cases of COVID-19 reported in Brazil from February to July 2020 with higher rates of incidence in the north and northeast. The Moran global index of incidence rate (0.50, P = 0.01) and mortality (0.45 with P = 0.01) indicate a positive spatial autocorrelation with high standards in the north, northeast and in the largest urban centres between cities in the southeast region. In the same period, there were 92 475 deaths from COVID-19, with higher mortality rates in the northern states of Brazil, mainly Amazonas, Pará and Amapá. The results show that there is a geospatial correlation of COVID-19 in large urban centres and regions with the lowest human development index in the country. In the geographic weighted regression, it was possible to identify that the percentage of people living in residences with density higher than 2 per dormitory, the municipality human development index (MHDI) and the social vulnerability index were the indicators that most contributed to explaining incidence, social development index and the municipality human development index contributed the most to the mortality model. We hope that the findings will contribute to reorienting public health responses to combat COVID-19 in Brazil, the new epicentre of the disease in South America, as well as in other countries that have similar epidemiological and health characteristics to those in Brazil.

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