2500 years of charcoal production in the Low Countries: The chronology and typology of charcoal kilns and their relation with early iron production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koen Deforce ◽  
Bert Groenewoudt ◽  
Kristof Haneca
Keyword(s):  
Iron Production ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Charcoal Kilns

scholarly journals Charcoal kilns as a source of data on the past iron industry (an example from the River Czarna valley, Central Poland)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Rutkiewicz ◽  
Ireneusz Malik ◽  
Małgorzata Wistuba ◽  
Agata Sady
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Change ◽  
Airborne Lidar ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Iron Industry ◽  
Charcoal Production ◽  
Radiocarbon Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
Central Poland ◽  
Iron Smelting ◽  
Charcoal Kilns

AbstractCharcoal was the primary fuel used for iron smelting and processing until the end of the 19th century. It was produced through burning piles of wood called charcoal kilns. The aim of the study was to identify and record traces of charcoal kilns related to past ironworks in the valley of the River Czarna (Małopolska Upland, Central Poland). Detailed analysis was conducted in areas adjacent to historical centres of iron processing in Maleniec, Kołoniec and Machory. A quantitative analysis of the traces of charcoal kilns in the topography was done based on DEM from airborne LiDAR. Soil profiles were analysed at the sites where traces of charcoal kilns were identified from DEM. Radiocarbon dating and palaeobotanical analyses were performed for selected charcoal from kiln remnants. In the study area we identified over 11,500 charcoal kilns. The radiocarbon age of these charcoals indicate that the charcoal kilns under study were used in the 15th, 18th and 19th century. Thus the results suggest that the iron industry in the studied area is c 100 years older than the historical written sources indicate. Palaeobotanical analyses show that coniferous trees were used for charcoal production. The large number of traces of charcoal kilns and their wide spatial distribution indicate that past charcoal production has had a significant impact on the environment and landscape change in the River Czarna valley and adjacent areas.

The hortus siccus (1566) of Petrus Cadé: a description of the oldest known collection of dried plants made in the Low Countries

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Maarten J. M. Christenhusz
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACT: A sixteenth century Dutch hortus siccus of Brabantian origin has been rediscovered and is described here. The plants preserved in it are identified and most of its history is revealed.

Iron Production in Northern Benin: Excavations at Kompa Moussékoubou

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Robion-Brunner ◽  
Anne Haour ◽  
Marie-Pierre Coustures ◽  
Louis Champion ◽  
Didier Béziat
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Iron Production ◽  
Furnace Design ◽  
History Of ◽  
Republic Of Benin ◽  
Rare Opportunity

In the context of the “Crossroads of Empires” project led by Anne Haour, one strand of enquiry aims to understand the history of blacksmith groups and the development of iron production in Dendi country, in the northern Republic of Benin. Numerous remains of iron production have been discovered, showing a great variability in furnace design and waste assemblages. At least three smelting traditions can be distinguished. In this paper, we present the smelting site of Kompa Moussékoubou (10th/11th c. AD) which has been investigated by archaeological and archaeometric methods. Beyond the archaeometallurgical results, the excavation of a 1 x 2 m trench on a settlement mound nearby and survey work, which place the site within its wider context, are also discussed. In particular, we offer a detailed analysis of the ceramics recovered during test pitting and within one of the furnaces itself. This paper thus offers a rare opportunity to combine archaeometallurgical and ceramics data.

En marge du colloque d'Oxford d'histoire comparée, Angleterre-Hollande

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-728
Author(s):  
Michel Morineau
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Low Countries

Ce livre constitue le tangible monument du colloque d'Oxford, tenu récemment. Il contient le texte de douze communications, présentées par cinq historiens anglais et par sept historiens néerlandais et, en outre, une conférence, lue peu après, par un historien américain. Les thèmes abordés appartiennent à l'histoire politique (8 communications), à la critique et à l'heuristique, à l'histoire littéraire. Deux communications seulement relatives à l'histoire économique : celle de B. H. Slicher van Bath (The Rise of Intensive Husbandry in the Low Countries) et celle de H. J. Habakkuk (The English Land Market in the Eighteenth Century). La période moderne (avant 1789) est mieux représentée que la période contemporaine : 8 communications contre 5. Parmi celles-ci, deux portent sur le passé immédiat, depuis 1940.

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