En marge du colloque d'Oxford d'histoire comparée, Angleterre-Hollande

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 725-728
Author(s):  
Michel Morineau
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Low Countries

Ce livre constitue le tangible monument du colloque d'Oxford, tenu récemment. Il contient le texte de douze communications, présentées par cinq historiens anglais et par sept historiens néerlandais et, en outre, une conférence, lue peu après, par un historien américain. Les thèmes abordés appartiennent à l'histoire politique (8 communications), à la critique et à l'heuristique, à l'histoire littéraire. Deux communications seulement relatives à l'histoire économique : celle de B. H. Slicher van Bath (The Rise of Intensive Husbandry in the Low Countries) et celle de H. J. Habakkuk (The English Land Market in the Eighteenth Century). La période moderne (avant 1789) est mieux représentée que la période contemporaine : 8 communications contre 5. Parmi celles-ci, deux portent sur le passé immédiat, depuis 1940.

European Catholicism (1500–1700)

2020 ◽  
pp. 233-259
Author(s):  
David W. Kling
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Personal Relationship ◽  
Religious Orders ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Catholic Reformation ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Teresa Of Avila ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Church

The long Catholic Reformation, which lasted from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century, is one of the most active, intense, and expansive in the history of Christian conversion. This chapter begins with an examination of the conversions of two profoundly influential Catholics from the Iberian Peninsula (Ignatius of Loyola and Teresa of Ávila) and then considers efforts by the religious orders to re-Catholicize Europe. With the Jesuits leading the way, the Church evangelized the masses, drawing them into a personal relationship with God by encouraging the very things Protestants condemned: cults of intercession, pilgrimages, concern with purgatory, feast days, adoration of Christ in the Eucharist, and devotion to the saints. The chapter then moves to a discussion of conversion in the context of religiously mixed communities (Catholics and Protestants) in the Low Countries and France and ends with a discussion of Pierre Bayle’s defense of free conscience as the basis of true conversion.

Reciprocal exchange, credit and cash: agricultural labour markets and local economies in the southern Low Countries during the eighteenth century

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
THIJS LAMBRECHT
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Exchange Relationship ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Local Economies ◽  
Social Foundations ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Reciprocal Exchange ◽  
Wage Payment ◽  
Agricultural Regions

This article examines the labour market for day labourers in the Southern Low Countries during the eighteenth century from the perspective of reciprocal exchange. In particular I will look at wage payment structures and their economic and social foundations. In contrast with other agricultural regions, wage payments in proto-industrialized inland Flanders were highly diversified. Large farmers and day labourers engaged in a system of reciprocal exchange of labour, goods and services in which monetary payments played only a secondary role. I find that both employers and employees had strong reasons for maintaining this exchange relationship and that they both, in their own ways, benefited from this mutual dependency.

Responses to Revolution: the November Crisis of 1792

1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (170) ◽  
pp. 284-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Mori
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
French Army ◽  
Domestic Policies

Abstract This article examines the British government's domestic policies during the last two months of 1792, when the arrival of domestic popular radicalism and the success of the French army against opposing Austro-Prussian forces in the Low Countries suggested that Britain and other neighbouring states of France would follow it into revolution. Based on official and private papers, it is claimed that the decisions of the Younger Pitt's ministry vis-à-vis war and revolution were not determined by simple panic or ‘tory’ intellectual and social considerations, but rather by long-established patterns of eighteenth-century official action and the strength of traditional ‘whig’ convictions.

The Rural Land Market in Early Modern Inland Flanders and Brabant: A Long Run Perspective

Rural History ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLAS DE VIJLDER
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Land Market ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Market Activity ◽  
Long Run

Abstract:The emergence of factor markets during the transition from the Middle Ages to the early modern period was of crucial importance for long-term economic development. Despite Flanders and Brabant being situated in one of the most densely urbanised regions within Europe at the time, the current historiographical debate lacks a quantitative analysis of the market for land in the late medieval and early modern Low Countries. This article focuses on the transmission of rural property in the southern Low Countries from the 1400s up until the end of the eighteenth century. Using time-series data on the rural land market for a selection of case studies within Inland Flanders and Brabant has enabled me to present a long-run analysis of the changes in the market value of land, the market activity and the overall nature of the rural peasant land market. My findings show a tendency towards fewer but larger holdings being transferred on the land market. The path-dependent nature of this process had a significant impact upon the changing proto-capitalistic nature of agriculture within the southern Low Countries. As per capita market activity declined and the average transfer size increased, the farmers’ dependency on the lease market grew effectively speeding up the pauperisation processes in Inland Flanders.

Three Southern shibboleths

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 260-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rik Vosters ◽  
Gijsbert Rutten
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Orthographic Representation ◽  
Long Eighteenth Century

Over the course of the long eighteenth century, a distinct Southern Dutch linguistic identity emerged in the region now known as Flanders, and spelling features are at the heart of this developing linguistic autonomy. By analyzing eighteenth- and early-nineteenth-century normative and metalinguistic comments about three highly salient spelling variables (the spelling of the long vowels a and u in closed syllables, the ending 〈-n〉 or 〈-ø〉 in masculine adnominals, and the orthographic representation of etymologically different e and o sounds), we will show how seemingly insignificant features increasingly came to be portrayed as representing an unbridgeable linguistic gap between the Northern and Southern Low Countries. At the time of the political reunion of both parts of the Dutch speaking territories (1815–1830), this perceived gap then gave rise to different voices rejecting or embracing these shibboleths of linguistic ‘Southernness’, indicating how spelling features came to represent conflicting identities.

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