GATE/GEANT4 simulation of radiation risk induced cancer from mammographic screening

Um die Strahlenexposition und das Strahlenrisiko für die Bevölkerung durch die nuklearmedizinische Diagnostik in Bulgarien zu ermitteln, wurde eine Erhebung für das Jahr 1980 über die Arten und Anzahl der Applikationen von Radiopharmaka, über die verwendeten Aktivitäten und über die Geschlechts- und Altersverteilung der untersuchten Patienten durchgeführt. Die Gesamtzahl diagnostischer in vivo Applikationen betrug 116418 (davon 40,5% bei Männern und 59,5% bei Frauen), d.h. 13,1 Applikationen per 1000 Einwohner. Die applizierte Gesamtaktivität aller 44 verwendeter Radiopharmaka betrug ca. 2,1 TBq (56 Ci). Die Geschlechts- und Altersverteilung der untersuchten Patienten war ähnlich jener in anderen Ländern: nur 17,4% aller Patienten waren im reproduktionsfähigen Alter, 52,7% waren über 45 Jahre alt. Im Vergleich zu anderen entwickelten Ländern war in Bulgarien im Jahr 1980 der Anteil der 131J-Jodid-Untersuchungen verhältnismäßig hoch.

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Radiopharmacology: Hazard or/and Benefit

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1624200 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 23 (02) ◽

pp. 87-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Flemming

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Late Effects ◽

Radiation Risk ◽

Dose Effect ◽

Radiation Hazard ◽

Radiation Doses ◽

Low Doses ◽

Medical Radiology ◽

Experimental Findings ◽

In The Beginning

SummaryIn the beginning of medical radiology, only the benefit of ionizing radiation was obvious, and radiation was handled and applied generously. After late effects had become known, the radiation exposure was reduced to doses following which no such effects were found. Thus, it was assumed that one could obtain an optimal medical benefit without inducing any hazard. Later, due to experimental findings, hypotheses arose (linear dose-effect response, no time factor) which led to the opinion that even low and lowest radiation doses were relevant for the induction of late effects. A radiation fear grew, which was unintentionally strengthened by radiation protection decrees: even for low doses a radiation risk could be calculated. Therefore, it was believed that there could still exist a radiation hazard, and the radiation benefit remained in question. If, however, all presently known facts are considered, one must conclude that large radiation doses are hazardous and low doses are inefficient, whereas lowest doses have a biopositive effect. Ionizing radiation, therefore, may cause both, hazard as well as benefit. Which of the two effects prevails is determined by the level of dose.

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Mars Radiation Risk Assessment and Shielding Design for Human Missions

AIAA SPACE 2007 Conference & Exposition ◽

10.2514/6.2007-6045 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Ram Tripathi ◽

John Nealy

Keyword(s):

Risk Assessment ◽

Radiation Risk ◽

Shielding Design

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Requesting physicians’ knowledge of X-radiation exposure from computed tomography scan examinations: A case study of two Nigerian tertiary hospitals

Calabar Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.25259/cjhs_9_2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 ◽

pp. 36-39

Author(s):

Samson O. Paulinus ◽

Benjamin E. Udoh ◽

Bassey E. Archibong ◽

Akpama E. Egong ◽

Akwa E. Erim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Radiation Exposure ◽

Work Experience ◽

Radiation Risk ◽

Radiological Protection ◽

X Ray ◽

Tertiary Hospitals ◽

Medical Exposure

Objective: Physicians who often request for computed tomography (CT) scan examinations are expected to have sound knowledge of radiation exposure (risks) to patients in line with the basic radiation protection principles according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the Protection of Persons Undergoing Medical Exposure or Treatment (POPUMET), and the Ionizing Radiation (Medical Exposure) Regulations (IR(ME)R). The aim is to assess the level of requesting physicians’ knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations in two Nigerian tertiary hospitals. Materials and Methods: An 18-item-based questionnaire was distributed to 141 practicing medical doctors, excluding radiologists with work experience from 0 to >16 years in two major teaching hospitals in Nigeria with a return rate of 69%, using a voluntary sampling technique. Results: The results showed that 25% of the respondents identified CT thorax, abdomen, and pelvis examination as having the highest radiation risk, while 22% said that it was a conventional chest X-ray. Furthermore, 14% concluded that CT head had the highest risk while 9% gave their answer to be conventional abdominal X-ray. In addition, 17% inferred that magnetic resonance imaging had the highest radiation risk while 11% had no idea. Furthermore, 25.5% of the respondents have had training on ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations while 74.5% had no training. Majority (90%) of the respondents were not aware of the ICRP guidelines for requesting investigations with very little (<3%) or no knowledge (0%) on the POPUMET and the IR(ME)R respectively. Conclusion: There is low level of knowledge of ionizing radiation from CT scan examinations among requesting physicians in the study locations.

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE MONITORING (CONTROL) PROGRAM OF THE SAFETY OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS

Automation and modeling in design and management of ◽

10.30987/2658-6436-2020-2-50-56 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (2) ◽

pp. 50-56

Author(s):

Mariya Berberova ◽

Vladislav Chuenko ◽

Oleg Zolotarev ◽

Olga Trefilova ◽

Maksim Grudev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nuclear Power ◽

Power Plants ◽

Nuclear Power Plants ◽

Radiation Risk ◽

Safety Data ◽

Control Program ◽

Data Sheet ◽

Risk Assessments ◽

Safety Data Sheet ◽

Increased Risk

Nuclear power plants (NPP), being complex technological systems, represent a source of increased risk, in particular, a specific risk of radiation exposure. Obtaining quantitative assessments of radiation risk is critical for risk reduction and accident prevention. Existing methods for assessing radiation risk do not take into account the influence of external factors, such as population composition, geographical features, anthropogenic environmental changes, etc.[1]. Since 1997, in connection with changes in the norms and rules in the field of the use of atomic energy, it became necessary to perform a probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) at all nuclear power plants in Russia. Subsequently, a standard safety data sheet for a hazardous facility was developed. To fill out the second section of the safety data sheet, it is necessary to carry out a risk assessment of the objects in question. From this moment on, risk assessments were performed for all power units of all operating nuclear power plants in Russia. Today, in our country there are 14 nuclear power plants. On average, there are 3 power units per nuclear power plant. In order to systematize and centralize data on NPP risk assessments, it became necessary to develop a program for monitoring NPP safety. The aim of the work is to develop a monitoring (control) program for ensuring the safety of nuclear power plants, using modern technologies to systematize and group data on nuclear safety data sheets, as well as organize quick access to information.

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