The role of pharmacotherapy in modifying the neurological status of patients with spinal and spinal cord injuries

Motility impairments resulting from spinal cord injuries and cerebrovascular accidents are increasingly prevalent in society, leading to the growing development of rehabilitative robotic technologies, among them exoskeletons. This article outlines how bodies with neurological conditions such as spinal cord injury and stroke engage in processes of re-appropriation while using exoskeletons and some of the challenges they face. The main task of exoskeletons in rehabilitative environments is either to rehabilitate or ameliorate anatomic functions of impaired bodies. In these complex processes, they also play a crucial role in recasting specific corporeal phenomenologies. For the accomplishment of these forms of corporeal re-appropriation, the role of experts is crucial. This article explores how categories such as bodily resistance, techno-inter-corporeal co-production of bodies and machines, as well as body work mark the landscape of these contemporary forms of impaired corporeality. While defending corporeal extension rather than incorporation, I argue against the figure of the ‘cyborg’ and posit the idea of ‘residual subjectivity’.

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Role of methyleprednisolone succinate in the management of acute spinal cord injury

Health Renaissance ◽

10.3126/hren.v9i3.5585 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 168-172

Author(s):

NK Karn ◽

BP Shrestha ◽

GP Khanal ◽

R Rijal ◽

P Chaudhary ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Neurological Status ◽

Acute Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Cord Injury ◽

And Gender ◽

One Year

Objective: To see the role of methyleprednisolone succinate in the management of acute spinal cord injury. Methods: A randomized control trial was done including the patients with acute spinal cord injury. They were divided into age and gender matched two groups. Patients with presence of active infection, associated open fracture, those on long term steroid and those who did not give consent to participate in the trial were excluded. One group received methyleprednisolone succinate within 8 hours of injury and another group did not receive the drug. Both the groups were managed nonoperatively. The neurological status of the patients was assessed at presentation, once spinal shock was over, at 6th week and 6th month and after one year according to ASIA scoring. Frankel grading was also assessed in every follow up. Conclusion: Methylprednisolone succinct prevents secondary cord injury to a great extent and hence its administration within 8 hours of injury results in a better functional (motor and sensory) outcome. Keywords: acute spinal cord injury; methyleprednisolone succinate DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v9i3.5585 HR 2011; 9(3): 168-172

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Neurological status and imaging spinal cord in patients with infectious spondylitis: is it possible to comparisons with spondylogenic myelopathy?

Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy ◽

10.17816/rcf15264-72 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 64-72 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marina E Makogonova ◽

Aleksandr Yu Mushkin ◽

Pavel V Gavrilov

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Neurological Disorders ◽

Neurological Status ◽

Pathological Process ◽

Literary Analysis ◽

Resonance Imaging ◽

Radicular Symptoms ◽

Symptoms And Signs ◽

Infectious Spondylitis

Spend a literary analysis of the role of radiation diagnosis in the first place - magnetic resonance imaging to visualize changes in the spinal cord in infectious spondylitis. Neurological disorders, manifested by radicular symptoms and signs of spinal cord irritation to deep paresis and plegia in violation of the pelvic organs, are observed in the majority of patients with spondylitis and may be due to the spinal cord and its roots and / or a breach of its microcirculation on the background of the pathological process in the vertebrae. Dynamic (pre- and postoperative) imaging of the spinal canal and its contents in tuberculous and nonspecific spondylitis is important for a more complete assessment of the disease, and for the prediction of the dynamics of neurological disorders. (For citation: Makogonova ME, Mushkin AYu, Gavrilov PV. Neurological status and imaging spinal cord in patients with infectious spondylitis: is it possible to comparisons with spondylogenic myelopathy?. Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy. 2017;15(2):64-72. doi: 10.17816/RCF15264-72).

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Controversies in the Surgical Management of Spinal Cord Injuries

Neurology Research International ◽

10.1155/2012/417834 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ahmed M. Raslan ◽

Andrew N. Nemecek

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Surgical Treatment ◽

Surgical Management ◽

Spinal Cord Injuries ◽

Late Onset ◽

Initial Step ◽

Outcome Data ◽

Cord Injury ◽

The Usa

Traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) affects over 200,000 people in the USA and is a major source of morbidity, mortality, and societal cost. Management of SCI includes several components. Acute management includes medical agents and surgical treatment that usually includes either all or a combination of reduction, decompression, and stabilization. Physical therapy and rehabilitation and late onset SCI problems also play a role. A review of the literature in regard to surgical management of SCI patients in the acute setting was undertaken. The controversy surrounding whether reduction is safe, or not, and whether prereduction magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to rule out traumatic disc herniation is essential is discussed. The controversial role of timing of surgical intervention and the choice of surgical approach in acute, incomplete, and acute traumatic SCI patients are reviewed. Surgical treatment is an essential tool in management of SCI patients and the controversy surrounding the timing of surgery remains unresolved. Presurgical reduction is considered safe and essential in the management of SCI with loss of alignment, at least as an initial step in the overall care of a SCI patient. Future prospective collection of outcome data that would suffice as evidence-based is recommended and necessary.

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Emergency Cervical Splints — Their Value and Limitation

Prehospital and Disaster Medicine ◽

10.1017/s1049023x00044459 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 1 (S1) ◽

pp. 197-198

Author(s):

Andrew K. Marsden

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Cervical Spine ◽

Spinal Cord Injuries ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Good Deal ◽

First Aid ◽

Front Seat ◽

Comprehensive Management ◽

General Impression

A good deal of controversy currently surrounds the role of collars and extrication devices in the on-site immobilization of suspected injuries to the cervical spine. The plethora of manufactured items readily available for this purpose reinforces the general impression that no one device is universally acceptable.In his book,Spinal Cord Injuries–Comprehensive Management and Research, Sir Ludwig Guttman stressed the importance of keeping all cervical movements to a minimum. Flexion, hyperextension and rotatory movements are particularly dangerous. The most difficult circumstances are those in which an unconscious front-seat occupant requires extrication from a damaged motor vehicle. Here the strict first-aid drill of gentle lifting by a six man team maintaining rigid traction in the line of the spine becomes impracticable and the rescuers have to resort to the use of aids.

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Hydrogels and Cell Based Therapies in Spinal Cord Injury Regeneration

Stem Cells International ◽

10.1155/2015/948040 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 74

Author(s):

Rita C. Assunção-Silva ◽

Eduardo D. Gomes ◽

Nuno Sousa ◽

Nuno A. Silva ◽

António J. Salgado

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Stem Cells ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Cell Survival ◽

Spinal Cord Injuries ◽

Human Stem Cells ◽

Related Disorder ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Cell Carriers

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system- (CNS-) related disorder for which there is yet no successful treatment. Within the past several years, cell-based therapies have been explored for SCI repair, including the use of pluripotent human stem cells, and a number of adult-derived stem and mature cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, olfactory ensheathing cells, and Schwann cells. Although promising, cell transplantation is often overturned by the poor cell survival in the treatment of spinal cord injuries. Alternatively, the therapeutic role of different cells has been used in tissue engineering approaches by engrafting cells with biomaterials. The latter have the advantages of physically mimicking the CNS tissue, while promoting a more permissive environment for cell survival, growth, and differentiation. The roles of both cell- and biomaterial-based therapies as single therapeutic approaches for SCI repair will be discussed in this review. Moreover, as the multifactorial inhibitory environment of a SCI suggests that combinatorial approaches would be more effective, the importance of using biomaterials as cell carriers will be herein highlighted, as well as the recent advances and achievements of these promising tools for neural tissue regeneration.

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Late neurological changes following traumatic spinal cord injury

Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.3171/jns.1988.69.3.0399 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 399-402 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Joseph M. Piepmeier ◽

N. Ross Jenkins

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Spinal Cord Injuries ◽

Neurological Status ◽

Neurological Function ◽

Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Content Type ◽

Cord Injury ◽

Fine Print

✓ Sixty-nine patients with traumatic spinal cord injuries were evaluated for changes in their functional neurological status at discharge from the hospital, and at 1 year, 3 years, and 5+ years following injury. The neurological examinations were used to classify patients' spinal cord injury according to the Frankel scale. This analysis revealed that the majority of improvement in neurological function occurred within the 1st year following injury; however, changes in the patients' status continued for many years. Follow-up examinations at an average of 3 years postinjury revealed that 23.3% of the patients continued to improve, whereas 7.1% had deteriorated compared to their status at 1 year. An examination at an average of 5+ years demonstrated further improvement in 12.5%, with 5.0% showing deterioration compared to the examinations at 3 years. These results demonstrate that, in patients with spinal trauma, significant changes in neurological function continue for many years.

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