Prostaglandins and leukotrienes secretion by bovine mammary gland in vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
K.K. Piotrowska-Tomala ◽  
A.Z. Szóstek ◽  
K. Lukasik ◽  
K. Jankowska ◽  
D.J. Skarzynski
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland

scholarly journals The dynamics of morphological changes during in vitro aging of bovine virgin mammary gland neutrophils

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 325-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Sládek ◽  
D. Vašíčková ◽  
D. Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Trypan Blue ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Mammary Glands ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Apoptotic Bodies ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
Cell Counts

The present study was an in vitro analysis of the dynamics of bovine mammary gland neutrophil apop­tosis based on the detection of morphological changes. The neutrophils were isolated from mammary glands of five virgin heifers. The mammary glands were lavaged, the suspensions were then bacteriologically examined, and total and differential cell counts were made. The cells were cultivated in vitro for 4 hours. After 2, 3 and 4 hours of cultivation, they were panoptically stained, and the proportions of apoptotic neutrophils and trypan blue positive neutrophils were determined. Neutrophil apoptosis and impaired cytoplasmic membrane integrity of neutrophils were already observed in the mammary gland lavages (11.9% and 0.8%, respectively). During the cultivation, a progressive increase in the number of apoptotic neutrophils in various stages of apoptosis – karyopyknosis, zeiosis and apoptotic bodies – was observed. Karyopyknotic neutrophils represented a dominant part of the apoptotic neutrophil population in the course of the whole cultivation. The most intensive increase was observed in zeiosis, whereas the levels of apoptotic bodies remained the same. After 4 hours of cultivation, 31.7% apoptotic neutrophils and 9.8% trypan blue positive neutrophils (i.e. Secondary necrotic cells) were found. The results of this work show that spontaneous apoptosis and secondary neutrophil necrosis must be taken into account during in vitro cultivations of bovine mammary gland neutrophils.

Phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by bovine mammary gland macrophages and intracellular protection from antibiotic action in vitro and in vivo

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Craven ◽  
James C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Increased Sensitivity

SummaryMacrophages isolated from the involuted bovine mammary gland were cultured in vitro. Phagocytosis of opsonized Staphylococcus aureus occurred rapidly, but intracellular killing of bacteria was slow. Many intracellular staphylococci survived for up to 4 d exposure to extracellular cloxacillin and emerged from within the macrophages to multiply extracellularly when the antibiotic was inactivated. Rifampicin was significantly more efficient than cloxacillin in killing intracellular S. aureus after 18 h incubation, but it too failed to sterilize the cultures within 3 d. Staphylococci, which had remained viable within macrophages during 20 h incubation with extracellular cloxacillin, showed an increased sensitivity to dilute lysostaphin on subsequent exposure. A 3 d course of intramammary therapy with cloxacillin, commencing simultaneously with an infecting inoculum of ∼108 colony forming units (c.f.u.) S. aureus, apparently eliminated the infection from one quarter of the udders of each of three lactating cows, but bacteria were re-isolated from two cows after a delay of several days. However, when other quarters of the same cows were infected with ∼108 c.f.u. S. aureus which had been phagocytosed by autologous mammary macrophages, similar simultaneous antibiotic therapy failed to affect these infections. The in vitro and in vivo findings indicate the significance of intracellular survival of S. aureus as a factor contributing to failure of antibiotic therapy.

scholarly journals Effect of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus uberis on apoptosis of bovine mammary gland neutrophils in vitro

2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 11-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Sladek ◽  
D. Rysanek ◽  
M. Faldyna
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Propidium Iodide ◽  
Annexin V ◽  
Dna Fragments ◽  
Bovine Mammary Gland ◽  
Streptococcus Uberis

Neutrophils play an important role in the defence of the bovine mammary gland against bacterial infections. In the course of the resolution of mammary gland inflammation, neutrophils undergo programmed cell death – apoptosis. The aim of this study was to confirm whether the co-cultivation of neutrophils of the bovine mammary gland with either Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus uberis leads to signs of apoptosis. In the study, 16 mammary glands of four virgin heifers aged 16 to 18 months were examined. Neutrophils were obtained by lavage after an induced influx. After a three-hour incubation of the neutrophils with bacteria in vitro, neutrophil apoptosis was detected by morphological features, by determination of histone-associated DNA fragments (ELISA), and by Annexin -V and propidium iodide positivity (flow cytometry). S. aureus and S. uberis reduced the incidence of karyopycnotic and zeiotic neutrophils (P < 0.01), and insignificantly reduced the concentration of histone -associated DNA fragments (P > 0.05). The incubation of neutrophils with bacteria, however, increased the proportion of Annexin –V-positive cells (P < 0.01) and Annexin -V and propidium iodide-positive cells (P < 0.05). Co-cultivation of neutrophils with either S. aureus or S. uberis led to the induction of phosphatidylserine translocation characteristic of the early stage of apoptosis. The late signs of apoptosis were delayed by co-cultivation of neutrophils with both pathogens. Therefore it is obvious that although the programmed cell death of apoptosis is initiated by these pathogens, the completion of the program is delayed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document