A taxonomic revision of the late Paleozoic lyginopterid, Sphenopteridium germanicum, and description of its globose-stem growth habit

2021 ◽  
pp. 104591
Author(s):  
William A. DiMichele ◽  
Hans Kerp ◽  
Spencer G. Lucas ◽  
Dan S. Chaney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Late Paleozoic

Initiation, Development and Anatomy of Lignotubers in Some Species of Eucalyptus

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 415 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Carr ◽  
R Jahnke ◽  
SGM Carr
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Study ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Alternative Pathways ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Lateral Fusion ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

An initial survey of the diversity of early lignotuber development in Eucalyptus and an analytical study of the anatomy of young lignotubers and the seedling stem are presented. Studies of the early stages of the morphological development of the lignotuber in 13 species, representative of five taxonomic groups, resulted in the recognition of four modes of lignotuber initiation. The importance to lignotuber formation of the presence of a suite of accessory buds, adaxial to the axillary bud, is emphasized but lignotuber initiation is not in all cases associated with these buds. Lignotuber buds are derived by branching from existing buds, ultimately from the accessory buds of the node. Following its initiation, the possibilities of later morphological development of the lignotuber are discussed. Lignotuber growth may dominate over stem growth and the lignotubers at a node may then fuse laterally to encircle the stem. Stem growth, on the other hand, may dominate over lignotuber growth and the lignotuber then appears to regress. The consequences for the growth habit of the plant of these alternative pathways of development are outlined. The wood of young lignotubers (and that of the swollen hypocotyl) is shown to be different in composition and in the sizes of its elements from that of seedling stem wood; these differences owe their origin to differences in the nature and performance of the cambia of the lignotuber and stem. In lateral fusion of the lignotubers at a node, and their upward and downwards extension over the stem, e.g. over the hypocotyl, stem cambial initials are either progressively lost or, more likely, converted to lignotuber-type initials. The possibility of the reverse process occumng in stem dominance is discussed.

scholarly journals Stem growth habit affects leaf morphology and gas exchange traits in soybean

2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (7) ◽  
pp. 1293-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Tanaka ◽  
Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Morphology ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Stem Growth

scholarly journals Molecular mechanisms of flowering under long days and stem growth habit in soybean

2016 ◽  
pp. erw394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Cao ◽  
Ryoma Takeshima ◽  
Chen Zhao ◽  
Baohui Liu ◽  
Abe Jun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Stem Growth

scholarly journals Determinate growth habit of grain legumes: role in domestication and selection, genetic control

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Krylova ◽  
Elena Khlestkina ◽  
Marina Burlyaeva ◽  
Margarita Vishnyakova
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Shoot Meristem ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
Determinate Growth ◽  
Determinate Growth Habit

This review is devoted to the analysis of molecular genetic mechanisms of controlling the type of growth habit of grain legumes (pea, soybean, common bean, vigna); it provides information on the known homologous genes TFL1, LFY, AP1, FUL, FT, and FD. Significant changes in plant architecture were during domestication of grain legumes. Many wild relatives of legumes are characterized by an indeterminate growth habit type, cultivated plants are characterized by indeterminate and determinate types. In plants with a determinate growth habit type, terminal inflorescence is formed at transition from the vegetative phase to the reproductive phase. These plants are characterized by a complex of features: simultaneous maturation of beans, resistance to lodging, etc. In indeterminate type of growth habit, the apical shoot meristem remains active during plant life. The main genes responsible for the plant transition to flowering are the homologs of the Arabidopsis genes LFY, TFL1, AP1. TFL1 gene is responsible for maintaining of growth of the shoot apical meristem; its homologs were identified in pea (PsTFL1a), soybean (Dt1/ GmTfl1), common bean (PvTFL1y), cowpea (VuTFL1). The identification and characterization of the genes responsible for the type of stem growth habit are necessary for the successful selection of modern varieties suitable for mechanized cultivation. Design of molecular markers that diagnose this important breeding trait at early plant development stages, will help determine the type of stem growth habit.

EDIBLE PINK-FRUITED TOMATO (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL. CONVAR. ESCULENTUM VAR. ROSEUM KHRAP.): SOURCE MATERIAL FOR BREEDING

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. KHRAPALOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum Mill ◽  
Inflorescence Morphology ◽  
Botanical Classification

This catalogue contains a description of morphological, biological and useful agronomic traits in 153 accessions of cultivated edible tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) with pink fruits from the VIR collection. The data were obtained in the course of many years in winter rack glasshouses and plastic greenhouses at Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories of VIR (St. Petersburg). The catalogue has been intended to help breeders, researchers, experts and farmers in gaining knowledge about pink-fruited tomato genetic resources that have been accumulated in the VIR collection for almost a hundred years. Cultivars developed through scientific breeding and local varieties are quite diverse in their earliness, fruit shape and size, stem growth habit and pattern, leaf and inflorescence morphology, etc. Their diversity described in the catalogue has been systemized in accordance with the botanical classification developed by the author of the catalogue on the basis of long-term research into the collection.

scholarly journals Effects of maturity group and stem growth habit on the branching plasticity of soybean cultivars grown at various planting densities

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-396
Author(s):  
Taiki Yoshihira ◽  
Song Liang ◽  
Haruka Suzuki ◽  
Takuya Kitabatake ◽  
Tatsuhiko Shiraiwa
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Soybean Cultivars

scholarly journals The Soybean Stem Growth Habit Gene Dt1 Is an Ortholog of Arabidopsis TERMINAL FLOWER1

2010 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 198-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baohui Liu ◽  
Satoshi Watanabe ◽  
Tomoo Uchiyama ◽  
Fanjiang Kong ◽  
Akira Kanazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Stem Growth

scholarly journals Unraveling genetics of semi-determinacy and identification of markers for indeterminate stem growth habit in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambika ◽  
Venkatraman Hegde ◽  
M. S. Nimmy ◽  
C. Bharadwaj ◽  
Shailesh Tripathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Cicer Arietinum ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Bulked Segregant Analysis ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Segregation Pattern ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
The Cross

AbstractChickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is predominantly an indeterminate plant and tends to generate vegetative growth when the ambient is conducive for soil moisture, temperature and certain other environmental conditions. The semi-determinate (SDT) types are comparatively early, resistant to lodging and found to be similar in their yield potential to indeterminate (IDT) lines. Indeterminate and semi-determinate genotypes are found to be similar during early stage, which makes it difficult to distinguish between them. Thus, there is a need to identify molecular markers linked either to indeterminate or semi-determinate plant types. The present study was carried out to study the genetics of semi-determinacy and identify molecular markers linked to stem growth habit. The study was undertaken in the cross involving BG 362(IDT) × BG 3078-1(SDT). All F1 plants were indeterminate, which indicates that indeterminate stem type is dominant over semi-determinate. In further advancement to F2 generation, F2 plants are segregated in the ratio of 3(Indeterminate): 1(Semi-determinate) that indicates that the IDT and SDT parents which are involved in the cross differed for a single gene. The segregation pattern observed in F2 is confirmed in F3 generation. The parental polymorphic survey was undertaken for molecular analysis using total of 245 SSR markers, out of which 41 polymorphic markers were found to distinguish the parents and were utilized for bulked segregant analysis (BSA). The segregation pattern in F2 indicates that the IDT (Indeterminate) and SDT (Semi-determinate) parents which are involved in the cross differed for single gene. The segregation pattern of F2 and F3 derived from the cross BG 362 (IDT) × BG 3078-1 (SDT) confirmed the genotypic structure of the newly found SDT genotype BG 3078-1 as dt1dt1Dt2Dt2. Three SSR markers TA42, Ca_GPSSR00560 and H3DO5 were found to be putatively linked to Dt1 locus regulating IDT stem growth habit. Our results indicate that the SSR markers identified for Dt1 locus helps to differentiate stem growth habit of chickpea in its early growth stage itself and can be efficiently utilized in Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) for changed plant type in chickpea.

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