Improved defense responses in modern barley cultivars compared to wild relatives against Rhizoctonia solani

Rhizosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 100442
Author(s):  
Sakineh Abbasi ◽  
Negin Eslahi
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Barley Cultivars

scholarly journals Convergent Evolution of Effector Protease Recognition by Arabidopsis and Barley

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan E. Carter ◽  
Matthew Helm ◽  
Antony V. E. Chapman ◽  
Emily Wan ◽  
Ana Maria Restrepo Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Host Protein ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Resistance Protein ◽  
Effector Recognition

The Pseudomonas syringae cysteine protease AvrPphB activates the Arabidopsis resistance protein RPS5 by cleaving a second host protein, PBS1. AvrPphB induces defense responses in other plant species, but the genes and mechanisms mediating AvrPphB recognition in those species have not been defined. Here, we show that AvrPphB induces defense responses in diverse barley cultivars. We also show that barley contains two PBS1 orthologs, that their products are cleaved by AvrPphB, and that the barley AvrPphB response maps to a single locus containing a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) gene, which we termed AvrPphB Response 1 (Pbr1). Transient coexpression of PBR1 with wild-type AvrPphB but not with a protease inactive mutant triggered defense responses, indicating that PBR1 detects AvrPphB protease activity. Additionally, PBR1 coimmunoprecipitated with barley and Nicotiana benthamiana PBS1 proteins, suggesting mechanistic similarity to detection by RPS5. Lastly, we determined that wheat cultivars also recognize AvrPphB protease activity and contain two putative Pbr1 orthologs. Phylogenetic analyses showed, however, that Pbr1 is not orthologous to RPS5. Our results indicate that the ability to recognize AvrPphB evolved convergently and imply that selection to guard PBS1-like proteins occurs across species. Also, these results suggest that PBS1-based decoys may be used to engineer protease effector recognition–based resistance in barley and wheat.

scholarly journals The Role of Pathogenesis-Related Proteins in the Tomato-Rhizoctonia solani Interaction

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parissa Taheri ◽  
Saeed Tarighi
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Potential Pathogen ◽  
Physical Barriers ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Related Proteins

Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most destructive pathogens causing foot rot disease on tomato. In this study, the molecular and cellular changes of a partially resistant (Sunny 6066) and a susceptible (Rio Grande) tomato cultivar after infection with necrotrophic soil-borne fungus R. solani were compared. The expression of defense-related genes such as chitinase (LOC544149) and peroxidase (CEVI-1) in infected tomato cultivars was investigated using semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). This method revealed elevated levels of expression for both genes in the partially resistant cultivar compared to the susceptible cultivar. One of the most prominent facets of basal plant defense responses is the formation of physical barriers at sites of attempted fungal penetration. These structures are produced around the sites of potential pathogen ingress to prevent pathogen progress in plant tissues. We investigated formation of lignin, as one of the most important structural barriers affecting plant resistance, using thioglycolic acid assay. A correlation was found between lignification and higher level of resistance in Sunny 6066 compared to Rio Grande cultivar. These findings suggest the involvement of chitinase, peroxidase, and lignin formation in defense responses of tomato plants against R. solani as a destructive pathogen.

scholarly journals Seed Biopriming with Microbial Inoculant Triggers Local and Systemic Defense Responses against Rhizoctonia solani Causing Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight in Maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shailendra Singh ◽  
Udai B. Singh ◽  
Deepti Malviya ◽  
Surinder Paul ◽  
Pramod Kumar Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Culture Suspension ◽  
Maize Plants

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain MF-30 isolated from maize rhizosphere was characterized for several plant growth stimulating attributes. The strain MF-30 was also evaluated for antifungal properties against Rhizoctonia solani causing banded leaf and sheath blight in maize (Zea mays L.) under in vitro conditions and was found to have higher mycelial growth suppression in the culture suspension (67.41%) followed by volatile organic compounds (62.66%) and crude extract (51.20%) in a dual plate assay. The endophytic and epiphytic colonization ability was tested using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-tagging. Visualization through confocal scanning laser microscope clearly indicated that strain MF-30 colonizes the root and foliar parts of the plants. Further, the effects of seed bio-priming with P. aeruginosa MF-30 was evaluated in the induction and bioaccumulation of defense-related biomolecules, enzymes, natural antioxidants, and other changes in maize under pot trial. This not only provided protection from R. solani but also ensured growth promotion under pathogenic stress conditions in maize. The maximum concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was reported in the root and shoot of the plants treated with R. solani alone (8.47 and 17.50 mmol mg−1 protein, respectively) compared to bioagent, P. aeruginosa MF-30 bio-primed plants (3.49 and 7.50 mmol mg−1 protein, respectively). Effects on total soluble sugar content, total protein, and total proline were also found to enhanced significantly due to inoculation of P. aeruginosa MF-30. The activities of anti-oxidative defense enzymes phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), ascorbate peroxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase increased significantly in the plants bio-primed with P. aeruginosa MF-30 and subsequent foliar spray of culture suspension of MF-30 compared to pathogen alone inoculated plants. qRT-PCR analysis revealed that seed bio-priming and foliar application of P. aeruginosa MF-30 significantly increased the expression of PR-1 and PR-10 genes with the simultaneous decrease in the disease severity and lesion length in the maize plants under pathogenic stress conditions. A significant enhancement of shoot and root biomass was recorded in MF-30 bio-primed plants as compared to untreated control (p < 0.05). Significant increase in plant growth and antioxidant content, as well as decreased disease severity in the P. aeruginosa MF-30 bio-primed plants, suggested the possibility of an eco-friendly and economical means of achieving antioxidants-rich, healthier maize plants.

Comparative tolerances of two Cucumis species to salinity, Rhizoctonia solani and Meloidogyne incognita

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barakat E. Abu Irmaileh ◽  
Akel N. Mansour ◽  
Luma S. Al Banna ◽  
Huda O. Badwan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Cucumis Species

The search for disease resistance in wild types is continuing, in order to introduce resistant genes from wild relatives. In this study, we found that the wild melon Cucumis prophetarum was comparably more tolerant to salinity, the damping-off disease caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani and the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. The percentage of wild melon survival was 60% compared to that of the cultivated cucumber Cucumis sativus, which was 15%, when irrigated with NaCl at a concentration of 2500 ppm; and 96% for the wild melon compared with 44% for the cultivated cucumber when irrigated with CaSO4.2H2O at a concentration of 1000 ppm. Wild melon plants were more tolerant to R. solani attack, as only 20% of the plants were infested compared with 100% of infestation observed for the cultivated cucumber. The average number of nematode galls was 250 per plant on the cultivated cucumber when compared with 6.3 per plant on the wild species. Wild melon could be a potential source of resistant or tolerant genes that can be transferable to cultivated cucumbers.

Effects of Pseudomonas aureofaciens 63-28 on Defense Responses in Soybean Plants Infected by Rhizoctonia solani

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woo-Jin Jung ◽  
Ro-Dong Park ◽  
Fazli Mabood ◽  
Alfred Souleimanov ◽  
Donald L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Pseudomonas Aureofaciens ◽  
Soybean Plants

scholarly journals Expression of the pathogenesis related proteins, NH-1, PAL, and lipoxygenase in the iranian Tarom and Khazar rice cultivars, in reaction to Rhizoctonia solani – the causal agent of rice sheath blight

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sayari ◽  
Valiollah Babaeizad ◽  
Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbari ◽  
Heshmat Rahimian
Keyword(s):  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Sheath Blight ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Rice Sheath Blight ◽  
Defense Genes ◽  
Pr Genes ◽  
Pathogenesis Related ◽  
Expression Rate

Abstract Pathogenesis related (PR) genes of rice are among the most important defense genes in the interaction of rice with pathogens. In this study, the role of NH-1, several PR genes, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and lipoxygenase in the defense responses of rice against Rhizoctonia solani, the causal agent of rice sheath blight disease, was evaluated. The Tarom and Khazar cultivars (cvs), as resistant and susceptible genotypes, respectively, were used. The expression rate of defense genes in two-week-old seedlings inoculated with a virulent isolate of R. solani AG-I-1 A was investigated. The lesions in the Tarom cv were less than half the size of those on the Khazar cv. The expression scripts of the genes were calculated by quantative Real-Time PCR (RT-PCR). Results showed that the expression rate of all genes in the resistant cultivar was higher than that of the susceptible genotype, post inoculation. Analysis of data by the t-Student test also indicated significant differences in the expression level of the genes between Khazar and Tarom. The results of this study suggest that the investigated genes are involved in the resistance responses of rice against the sheath blight agent. For the first time, the induction of PR-5, PR-9, PR-10, PR-12, PR-13, and NH-1 was observed in this study in the resistant and susceptible Iranian cultivars of rice following attacks by R. solani.

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