Coxiella burnetii shedding and environmental contamination at lambing in two highly naturally-infected dairy sheep flocks after vaccination

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. e58-e63 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Astobiza ◽  
J.F. Barandika ◽  
F. Ruiz-Fons ◽  
A. Hurtado ◽  
I. Povedano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Dairy Sheep

scholarly journals Four-Year Evaluation of the Effect of Vaccination against Coxiella burnetii on Reduction of Animal Infection and Environmental Contamination in a Naturally Infected Dairy Sheep Flock

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (20) ◽  
pp. 7405-7407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ianire Astobiza ◽  
Jesús F. Barandika ◽  
Francisco Ruiz-Fons ◽  
Ana Hurtado ◽  
Inés Povedano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Sheep Flock ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Animal Infection

ABSTRACTVaccination is considered one of the best options for controllingCoxiella burnetiiinfection in livestock. The efficacy of a phase I vaccine was investigated over 4 years in a sheep flock with confirmedC. burnetiiinfection. Shedding was not detected in ewes and yearlings in the last 2 years, butC. burnetiistill persisted in the environment.

scholarly journals Circulation of Coxiella burnetii in a Naturally Infected Flock of Dairy Sheep: Shedding Dynamics, Environmental Contamination, and Genotype Diversity

2015 ◽  
Vol 81 (20) ◽  
pp. 7253-7260 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Joulié ◽  
K. Laroucau ◽  
X. Bailly ◽  
M. Prigent ◽  
P. Gasqui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Variable Number Tandem Repeat ◽  
Variable Number ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Genotype Diversity

ABSTRACTQ fever is a worldwide zoonosis caused byCoxiella burnetii. Domestic ruminants are considered to be the main reservoir. Sheep, in particular, may frequently cause outbreaks in humans. Because within-flock circulation data are essential to implementing optimal management strategies, we performed a follow-up study of a naturally infected flock of dairy sheep. We aimed to (i) describeC. burnetiishedding dynamics by sampling vaginal mucus, feces, and milk, (ii) assess circulating strain diversity, and (iii) quantify barn environmental contamination. For 8 months, we sampled vaginal mucus and feces every 3 weeks from aborting and nonaborting ewes (n= 11 andn= 26, respectively); for lactating females, milk was obtained as well. We also sampled vaginal mucus from nine ewe lambs. Dust and air samples were collected every 3 and 6 weeks, respectively. All samples were screened using real-time PCR, and strongly positive samples were further analyzed using quantitative PCR. Vaginal and fecal samples with sufficient bacterial burdens were then genotyped by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA) using 17 markers.C. burnetiiburdens were higher in vaginal mucus and feces than in milk, and they peaked in the first 3 weeks postabortion or postpartum. Primiparous females and aborting females tended to shedC. burnetiilonger and have higher bacterial burdens than nonaborting and multiparous females. Six genotype clusters were identified; they were independent of abortion status, and within-individual genotype diversity was observed.C. burnetiiwas also detected in air and dust samples. Further studies should determine whether the within-flock circulation dynamics observed here are generalizable.

scholarly journals Coxiella burnetii seroprevalence and risk factors in sheep farmers and farm residents in The Netherlands

2013 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 1231-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. A. De LANGE ◽  
B. SCHIMMER ◽  
P. VELLEMA ◽  
J. L. A. HAUTVAST ◽  
P. M. SCHNEEBERGER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Sheep Farm ◽  
Farm Residents

SUMMARYIn this study, Coxiella burnetii seroprevalence was assessed for dairy and non-dairy sheep farm residents in The Netherlands for 2009–2010. Risk factors for seropositivity were identified for non-dairy sheep farm residents. Participants completed farm-based and individual questionnaires. In addition, participants were tested for IgG and IgM C. burnetii antibodies using immunofluorescent assay. Risk factors were identified by univariate, multivariate logistic regression, and multivariate multilevel analyses. In dairy and non-dairy sheep farm residents, seroprevalence was 66·7% and 51·3%, respectively. Significant risk factors were cattle contact, high goat density near the farm, sheep supplied from two provinces, high frequency of refreshing stable bedding, farm started before 1990 and presence of the Blessumer breed. Most risk factors indicate current or past goat and cattle exposure, with limited factors involving sheep. Subtyping human, cattle, goat, and sheep C. burnetii strains might elucidate their role in the infection risk of sheep farm residents.

Kinetics of Coxiella burnetii excretion in a commercial dairy sheep flock after treatment with oxytetracycline

2010 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ianire Astobiza ◽  
Jesús F. Barandika ◽  
Ana Hurtado ◽  
Ramón A. Juste ◽  
Ana L. García-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Sheep Flock ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals Short communication: Investigation of Coxiella burnetii occurrence in dairy sheep flocks by bulk-tank milk analysis and antibody level determination

2009 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1581-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. García-Pérez ◽  
I. Astobiza ◽  
J.F. Barandika ◽  
R. Atxaerandio ◽  
A. Hurtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Antibody Level ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Milk Analysis ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bulk Tank

scholarly journals Stable levels of Coxiella burnetii prevalence in dairy sheep flocks but changes in genotype distribution after a 10-year period in northern Spain

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Álvarez-Alonso ◽  
Jesús Felix Barandika ◽  
Francisco Ruiz-Fons ◽  
Ione Ortega-Araiztegi ◽  
Isabel Jado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Northern Spain

scholarly journals A Q Fever Outbreak with a High Rate of Abortions at a Dairy Goat Farm:Coxiella burnetiiShedding, Environmental Contamination, and Viability

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Álvarez-Alonso ◽  
Mikel Basterretxea ◽  
Jesús F. Barandika ◽  
Ana Hurtado ◽  
Jasone Idiazabal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Q Fever ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Dairy Goat ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Infection Dynamics ◽  
Low Incidence

ABSTRACTThis study describes a Q fever outbreak in a herd of 77 Alpine goats which suffered a high rate of abortions (81% [58/72]) in January 2017 and presents the results of monitoring the contamination and viability ofCoxiella burnetiiin the farm environment several months after the outbreak. Over the course of 7 months, we studied bacterial shedding by 35 dams with abortions to monitorC. burnetiiinfection dynamics and the duration of excretion. The highest bacterial shedding load was observed in vaginal mucus, followed by in feces and in milk. Conversely, the duration ofC. burnetiishedding was longer through feces (5 months after abortion) than milk (3 months).C. burnetiiDNA was detected throughout the study in aerosol samples periodically collected indoors and outdoors from the animal premises. Mouse inoculation and culture in Vero cells demonstrated the presence of viable isolates in dust collected from different surfaces inside the animal facilities during the period of time with the highest number of abortions but not in dust collected 2, 3, and 4 months after the last parturition. Some workers and visitors were affected by Q fever, with attack rates of 78% (7/9) and 31% (4/13), respectively. Affected people mostly showed fever and seroconversion, along with myalgia and arthralgia in two patients and pneumonia in the index case. The genotype identified in animal and environmental samples (SNP1/MST13) turned out to be very aggressive in goats but caused only moderate symptoms in people. After the diagnosis of abortion by Q fever in goats, several control measures were implemented at the farm to prevent contamination inside and outside the animal facilities.IMPORTANCEThis work describes a 7-month follow-up of the excretion by different routes ofCoxiella burnetiigenotype SNP1/MST13 in a herd of goats that suffered high rate of abortions (81%), generating high environmental contamination. Some of the workers and visitors who accessed the farm were infected, with fever as the main symptom but a low incidence of pneumonia. The detected strain (SNP1/MST13 genotype) turned out to be very aggressive in goats. The viability ofC. burnetiiwas demonstrated in the environment of the farm at the time of abortions, but 2 months after the last parturition, no viable bacteria were detected. These results highlighted the importance of implementing good biosafety measures at farms and avoiding the entrance of visitors to farms several months after the end of the kidding period.

scholarly journals Monitoring Coxiella burnetii Infection in Naturally Infected Dairy Sheep Flocks Throughout Four Lambing Seasons and Investigation of Viable Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Álvarez-Alonso ◽  
Ion I. Zendoia ◽  
Jesús F. Barandika ◽  
Isabel Jado ◽  
Ana Hurtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coxiella Burnetii ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Viable Bacteria

scholarly journals Asymptomatic Cryptosporidium infections in ewes and lambs are a source of environmental contamination with zoonotic genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum

Parasite ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Léa Bordes ◽  
Pauline Houert ◽  
Damien Costa ◽  
Loïc Favennec ◽  
Corinne Vial-Novella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Environmental Contamination ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Gene Sequencing ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Protozoan Parasites ◽  
Dairy Sheep ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections ◽  
Peripartum Period

Protozoan parasites of the Cryptosporidium genus cause severe cryptosporidiosis in newborn lambs. However, asymptomatic infections also occur frequently in lambs and ewes. In sheep, the most commonly detected Cryptosporidium species are C. ubiquitum, C. xiaoi and C. parvum. Due to a lack of relevant information about such infections in France, we investigated the situation on five dairy sheep farms in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Department in south-western France in December 2017. Individual fecal samples were collected from 79 female lambs (5–17 days old) and their mothers (72 ewes). Oocysts were screened using Heine staining before and after Bailenger concentrations. Cryptosporidium species identification and genotyping were performed using real-time PCR and gp60 gene sequencing. No cases of clinical cryptosporidiosis were observed in the 79 lambs. Microscopically, Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were observed in only one lamb on one farm (prevalence 1.3%) and one ewe on another farm (prevalence 1.4%). By contrast, Cryptosporidium spp. DNA was detected in 17 ewes (prevalence ranging from 10.5% to 50% depending on the farm) and in 36 lambs (prevalence ranging from 0% to 77.8% depending on the farm). Only zoonotic Cryptosporidium parvum IId and IIa genotypes were identified when genotyping was possible. Cryptosporidium ubiquitum and C. xiaoi were detected on one and three farms, respectively. We conclude that healthy young lambs and their mothers during the peripartum period could be a source of environmental contamination with oocysts.

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