Asymptomatic Cryptosporidium infections in ewes and lambs are a source of environmental contamination with zoonotic genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum

Protozoan parasites of the Cryptosporidium genus cause severe cryptosporidiosis in newborn lambs. However, asymptomatic infections also occur frequently in lambs and ewes. In sheep, the most commonly detected Cryptosporidium species are C. ubiquitum, C. xiaoi and C. parvum. Due to a lack of relevant information about such infections in France, we investigated the situation on five dairy sheep farms in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques Department in south-western France in December 2017. Individual fecal samples were collected from 79 female lambs (5–17 days old) and their mothers (72 ewes). Oocysts were screened using Heine staining before and after Bailenger concentrations. Cryptosporidium species identification and genotyping were performed using real-time PCR and gp60 gene sequencing. No cases of clinical cryptosporidiosis were observed in the 79 lambs. Microscopically, Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts were observed in only one lamb on one farm (prevalence 1.3%) and one ewe on another farm (prevalence 1.4%). By contrast, Cryptosporidium spp. DNA was detected in 17 ewes (prevalence ranging from 10.5% to 50% depending on the farm) and in 36 lambs (prevalence ranging from 0% to 77.8% depending on the farm). Only zoonotic Cryptosporidium parvum IId and IIa genotypes were identified when genotyping was possible. Cryptosporidium ubiquitum and C. xiaoi were detected on one and three farms, respectively. We conclude that healthy young lambs and their mothers during the peripartum period could be a source of environmental contamination with oocysts.

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Survival of giardia, cryptosporidium, poliovirus and salmonella in marine waters

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1997.0744 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 35 (11-12) ◽

pp. 261-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

D. C. Johnson ◽

C. E. Enriquez ◽

I. L. Pepper ◽

T. L. Davis ◽

C. P. Gerba ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽

Common Method ◽

Waterborne Pathogens ◽

Protozoan Parasites ◽

Marine Waters ◽

Untreated Sewage ◽

Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts ◽

Giardia Muris

Discharge of sewage into the ocean is still a common method of disposal worldwide. Both treated and untreated sewage may contain significant concentrations of waterborne pathogens, such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium, poliovirus and Salmonella. Limited studies exist on the survival of poliovirus and Salmonella in marine waters; however, almost no information exists on the survival of protozoan parasites in marine waters. This study examined the survival of Giardia muris cysts, Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, poliovirus-1 and Salmonella typhimurium in marine waters. The survival of the microorganisms varied according to the presence of light, salinity and water quality (as determined by quantity of enterococci). All microorganisms survived longer in the dark than in sunlight, the order of survival in sunlight being: Cryptosporidium > poliovirus > Giardia > Salmonella.

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Simultaneous Detection of Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, and Cryptosporidium parvum in Fecal Samples by Using Multiplex Real-Time PCR

Journal of Clinical Microbiology ◽

10.1128/jcm.42.3.1220-1223.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 1220-1223 ◽

Cited By ~ 255

Author(s):

J. J. Verweij ◽

R. A. Blange ◽

K. Templeton ◽

J. Schinkel ◽

E. A. T. Brienen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Entamoeba Histolytica ◽

Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Giardia Lamblia ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Fecal Samples

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IFRS and Stock Returns: An Empirical Analysis in Brazil

Binus Business Review ◽

10.21512/bbr.v7i2.1593 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 179 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rodrigo F. Malaquias ◽

Anderson Martins Cardoso ◽

Gabriel Alves Martins

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Stock Market ◽

Stock Returns ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Graphic Analysis ◽

Accounting Numbers ◽

Before And After ◽

Accounting Reports ◽

Accounting Convergence

In recent years, the convergence of accounting standards has been an issue that motivated new studies in the accounting field. It is expected that the convergence provides users, especially external users of accounting information, with comparable reports among different economies. Considering this scenario, this article was developed in order to compare the effect of accounting numbers on the stock market before and after the accounting convergence in Brazil. The sample of the study involved Brazilian listed companies at BM&FBOVESPA that had American Depository Receipts (levels II and III) at the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). For data analysis, descriptive statistics and graphic analysis were employed in order to analyze the behavior of stock returns around the publication dates. The main results indicate that the stock market reacts to the accounting reports. Therefore, the accounting numbers contain relevant information for the decision making of investors in the stock market. Moreover, it is observed that after the accounting convergence, the stock returns of the companies seem to present lower volatility.

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Antimicrobial prescribing patterns in surgical inpatient of tertiary care hospital in Eastern India

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20193199 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. 1902

Author(s):

Sumit Kumar Gupta ◽

Siddhartha Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Prescribing Patterns ◽

Antibiotic Prescribing ◽

Antibiotic Administration ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Before And After ◽

Surgery Department

Background: Antimicrobials form the cornerstone of prescriptions for treating infection. Surgical management cannot be possible without the use of antibiotics. Severity of infection, suspected spectrum of organisms and their sensitivity, co-morbidities of the patient, route of antibiotic administration are the important parameter to consider before selecting antibiotic.Methods: Cross-sectional, hospital based, descriptive study was conducted in the ward of Surgery Department of IQ City Medical college, Durgapur over a period of 1 year. The relevant information was entered into the pretested preformats (containing name, age, sex, diagnosis, ongoing treatment as recorded from patients’ prescription slips or CRFs) and analyzed. Necessary permission was granted by the Institutional Ethical Committee and written informed consent was obtained from the patients prior to collecting their prescription slips/CRF.Results: Commonest cause of hospitalization was cholelithiasis (318 (32.7%)). Antimicrobials were the most commonly prescribed drugs (1626 (31.6%)). Single antibiotic prescribing frequency are similar to two antibiotic prescribing (both 44%). Piperacillin+Tazobactum combination most commonly prescribe antibiotic.Conclusions: Beta lactam antibiotic specifically Piperacillin (ATC class: J01D) were the most commonly prescribed antibiotic agents both before and after surgical procedures.

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End-of-Life Decision-Making in Intensive Care Ten Years after a Law on Advance Directives in Germany

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57090930 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (9) ◽

pp. 930

Author(s):

Jan A. Graw ◽

Fanny Marsch ◽

Claudia D. Spies ◽

Roland C. E. Francis

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Intensive Care ◽

End Of Life ◽

Advance Directives ◽

Advance Directive ◽

Medical Center ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Before And After ◽

Ethical Approval

Background and Objectives: Mortality on Intensive Care Units (ICUs) is high and death frequently occurs after decisions to limit life-sustaining therapies. An advance directive is a tool meant to preserve patient autonomy by guiding anticipated future treatment decisions once decision-making capacity is lost. Since September 2009, advance directives are legally binding for the caregiver team and the patients’ surrogate decision-maker in Germany. The change in frequencies of end-of-life decisions (EOLDs) and completed advance directives among deceased ICU patients ten years after the enactment of a law on advance directives in Germany is unknown. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis on all deceased patients of surgical ICUs of a German university medical center from 08/2008 to 09/2009 and from 01/2019 to 09/2019. Frequency of EOLDs and advance directives and the process of EOLDs were compared between patients admitted before and after the change in legislation. (No. of ethical approval EA2/308/20) Results: Significantly more EOLDs occurred in the 2019 cohort compared to the 2009 cohort (85.8% vs. 70.7% of deceased patients, p = 0.006). The number of patients possessing an advance directive to express a living or therapeutic will was higher in the 2019 cohort compared to the 2009 cohort (26.4% vs. 8.9%; difference: 17.5%, p < 0.001). Participation of the patients’ family in the EOLD process (74.7% vs. 60.9%; difference: 13.8%, p = 0.048) and the frequency of documentation of EOLD-relevant information (50.0% vs. 18.7%; difference: 31.3%, p < 0.001) increased from 2009 to 2019. Discussion: During a ten-year period from 2009 to 2019, the frequency of EOLDs and the completion rate of advance directives have increased considerably. In addition, EOLD-associated communication and documentation have further improved.

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Dampened Slow Oscillation Connectivity Anticipates Amyloid Deposition in the PS2APP Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells9010054 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 54 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alessandro Leparulo ◽

Mufti Mahmud ◽

Elena Scremin ◽

Tullio Pozzan ◽

Stefano Vassanelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Brain Network ◽

Plaque Deposition ◽

Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Linear Probe ◽

Before And After ◽

Phase Amplitude

To fight Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we should know when, where, and how brain network dysfunctions initiate. In AD mouse models, relevant information can be derived from brain electrical activity. With a multi-site linear probe, we recorded local field potentials simultaneously at the posterior-parietal cortex and hippocampus of wild-type and double transgenic AD mice, under anesthesia. We focused on PS2APP (B6.152H) mice carrying both presenilin-2 (PS2) and amyloid precursor protein (APP) mutations, at three and six months of age, before and after plaque deposition respectively. To highlight defects linked to either the PS2 or APP mutation, we included in the analysis age-matched PS2.30H and APP-Swedish mice, carrying each of the mutations individually. Our study also included PSEN2−/− mice. At three months, only predeposition B6.152H mice show a reduction in the functional connectivity of slow oscillations (SO) and in the power ratio between SO and delta waves. At six months, plaque-seeding B6.152H mice undergo a worsening of the low/high frequency power imbalance and show a massive loss of cortico-hippocampal phase-amplitude coupling (PAC) between SO and higher frequencies, a feature shared with amyloid-free PS2.30H mice. We conclude that the PS2 mutation is sufficient to impair SO PAC and accelerate network dysfunctions in amyloid-accumulating mice.

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Quantification of Cryptosporidium parvum in anaerobic digesters treating manure by (reverse-transcription) quantitative real-time PCR, infectivity and excystation tests

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2006.250 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 53 (8) ◽

pp. 195-202 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

G. Garcés ◽

M. Effenberger ◽

M. Najdrowski ◽

C. Wackwitz ◽

A. Gronauer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anaerobic Digestion ◽

Real Time ◽

Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽

Reverse Transcription ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽

Anaerobic Digesters ◽

Hsp70 Mrna ◽

Cryptosporidium Parvum Oocysts

The survival of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in anaerobic digesters treating manure was investigated for mesophilic, thermophilic, and a combined treatment (mesophilic–thermophilic–mesophilic) under different retention times of oocysts in the reactors. C. parvum DNA was extracted with an optimised protocol, and its amount determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results indicated noteworthy differences in DNA content after the different treatments. DNA was not degraded during the process. However, excystation and infectivity tests showed a reduction of viable oocyst numbers of ≥2 and ≥5 log units after the thermophilic treatment in two different experiments. Thus qPCR-targeting DNA can overestimate the number of oocysts that survive and remain viable after anaerobic digestion. However, targeting DNA is suitable to indicate the presence or absence of oocysts. Reverse transcription qPCR (RT-qPCR) targeting C. parvum hsp70 mRNA successfully indicated the presence of viable fraction of oocysts.

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Fractal Reconstruction of Breast Perfusion Before and After Hyperthermia Treatments

Advances in Bioengineering ◽

10.1115/imece2002-33692 ◽

2002 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Oana I. Craciunescu ◽

Shiva K. Das ◽

Terrence Z. Wong ◽

Thaddeus V. Samulski

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Mri ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Fractal Interpolation ◽

Hyperthermia Treatment ◽

Data Set ◽

Fractal Interpolation Functions ◽

Before And After ◽

Treatment Data ◽

Mri Sequences ◽

The Difference

Thermal modeling for hyperthermia breast patients can provide relevant information to better understand the temperatures achieved during treatment. However, human breast is much perfused, making knowledge of the perfusion crucial to the accuracy of the temperature computations. It has been shown that the perfusion of blood in tumor tissue can be approximated using the relative perfusion index (RPI) determined from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DE-MRI). It was also concluded that the 3D reconstruction of tumor perfusion can be performed using fractal interpolation functions (FIF). The technique used was called piecewise hidden variable fractal interpolation (PHVFI). Changes in the protocol parameters for the dynamic MRI sequences in breast patients allowed us to be able to acquire more spatial slices, hence the possibility to actually verify the accuracy of the fractal interpolation. The interpolated slices were compared to the imaged slices in the original set. The accuracy of the interpolation was tested on post-hyperthermia treatment data set. The difference between the reconstruction and the original slice varied from 2 to 5%. Significantly, the fractal dimension of the interpolated slices is within 2–3% from the original images, thus preserving the fractality of the perfusion maps. The use of such a method becomes crucial when tumor size and imaging restrictions limits the number of spatial slices, requiring interpolation to fill the data between the slices.

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A quantitative study on personnel’s experiences with patient handovers between the operating room and the postoperative anesthesia care unit before and after the implementation of a structured communication tool

Nursing Reports ◽

10.4081/nursrep.2019.8041 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ann-Chatrin Leonardsen ◽

Ellen Klavestad Moen ◽

Gro Karlsøen ◽

Trine Hovland

Keyword(s):

Operating Room ◽

Time Pressure ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Logical Structure ◽

Anesthesia Care ◽

Communication Tool ◽

Before And After ◽

Patient Handovers

Postoperative handover of patients has been described as a complex work process challenged by interruptions, time pressure and a lack of supporting framework. The purpose of this study was to investigate involved personnel’s experiences with the quality of patient handovers between the operating room and the postoperative anesthesia care unit (PACU) before and after implementation of a structured tool for communication. The study was conducted in a hospital in South-eastern Norway. Personnel completed a questionnaire before (n=116) and after (n=90) implementation of the Identification-Situation-Assessment- Recommendations (ISBAR)- tool. Analysis included summative statistics, t-tests and generalized linear regression analysis. Statistical significance assumed at P<0.05. The overall impression of quality in handovers improved significantly after implementation of the ISBAR (P=0.001). Personnel’s experiences were improved in relation to that handovers followed a logical structure, available documentation was used and all relevant information was communicated (P<0.001). Moreover, personnel found it easier to establish contact at the beginning of the handover, ambiguities were resolved and documentation was more complete (P=0.001). Profession was associated with seven of the statements, relating to whether relevant information is clearly communicated, whether possible risks and complications are discussed, contact easily established, and to completeness of documentation and information. In addition, findings indicate significantly more negative experiences among receiving personnel both pre- and post-implementation. Implementation of a structured tool for communication in patient handovers, may improve quality and safety in patient handovers between the operating room and the PACU. Research is needed to define optimal patient handovers and to determine the effect of handover quality on patient outcomes.

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