First derivative spectrofluorimetric determination of zopiclone and its degradation product, 2-amino-5-chloropyridine, in pharmaceutical formulations with preliminary tool in biological fluids for clinical evidence of zopiclone intake

2017 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 148-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amirah S. Al-Attas ◽  
Jenny Jeehan Nasr ◽  
Shereen Shalan ◽  
Fathalla Belal
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Product ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Spectrofluorimetric Determination

scholarly journals Stability-Indicating Methods for Determination of Pyritinol Dihydrochloride in the Presence of Its Precursor and Degradation Product by Derivative Spectrophotometry

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostafa A Shehata ◽  
Mohammad A El-Sayed ◽  
Mohammad G El-Bardicy ◽  
Mohammad F El-Tarras
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Degradation Product ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Zero Crossing ◽  
Stability Indicating ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Assay Methods ◽  
Powdered Form

Abstract A first-derivative spectrophotometric (1D) method and a derivative-ratio zero-crossing spectrophotometric (1DD) method were used to determine pyritinol dihydrochloride (I) in the presence of its precursor (II) and its degradation product (III) with 0.1N hydrochloric acid as a solvet. Linear relationships were obtained in the ranges of 6–22 μg/mL for the (1D) method and 6–20 μg/mL for the (1DD) method. By applying the proposed methods, it was possible to determine pyritinol dihydrochloride in its pure powdered form with an accuracy of 100.36 ± 1.497% (n = 9) for the (1D) method and an accuracy of 99.92 ± 1.172% (n = 8) for the (1DD) method. Laboratory-prepared mixtures containing different ratios of (I), (II), and (III) were analyzed, and the proposed methods were valid for concentrations of ≤10% (II) and ≤50% (III). The proposed methods were validated and found to be suitable as stability-indicating assay methods for pyritinol in pharmaceutical formulations.

Validated Stability-Indicating Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Cefixime Trihydrate in the Presence of its Acid and Alkali Degradation Products

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia M Mostafa ◽  
Laila Abdel-Fattah ◽  
Soheir A Weshahy ◽  
Nagiba Y Hassan ◽  
Shereen A Boltia
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Product ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Acid Degradation ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
First Derivative ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Five simple, accurate, precise, and economical spectrophotometric methods have been developed for thedetermination of cefixime trihydrate (CFX) in the presence of its acid and alkali degradation products without prior separation. In the first method, secondderivative (2D) and first derivative (1D) spectrophotometry was applied to the absorption spectra of CFX and its acid (2D) or alkali (1D) degradation products by measuring the amplitude at 289 and 308 nm, respectively. The second method was a first derivative (1DD) ratio spectrophotometric method where the peak amplitudes were measured at 311 nm in presence of the acid degradation product, and 273 and 306 nm in presence of its alkali degradation product. The third method was ratio subtraction spectrophotometry where the drug is determined at 286 nm in laboratory-prepared mixtures of CFX and its acid or alkali degradation product. The fourth method was based on dualwavelength analysis; two wavelengths were selected at which the absorbances of one component were the same, so wavelengths 209 and 252 nm were used to determine CFX in presence of its acid degradation productand 310 and 321 nm in presence of its alkali degradation product. The fifth method was bivariate spectrophotometric calibration based on four linear regression equations obtained at the wavelengths 231 and 290 nm, and 231 and 285 nm for the binary mixture of CFX with either its acid or alkali degradation product, respectively. The developed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of CFX in laboratory-prepared mixtures and pharmaceutical formulations with good recoveries, and their validation was carried out following the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The results obtained were statistically compared with each other and showed no significant difference with respect to accuracy and precision.

A Review of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Tibolone: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmaceutical Formulations Analysis and Application in Doping Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Marilene Lopes Ângelo ◽  
Fernanda de Lima Moreira ◽  
Ana Laura Araújo Santos ◽  
Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado ◽  
Magali Benjamim de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Doping Control ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
In Doping

Background:: Tibolone is a synthetic steroid commercialized by Organon under the brand name Livial (Org OD14), which is used in hormone therapy for menopause management and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Tibolone is defined as a selective tissue estrogenic activity regulator (STEAR) demonstrating tissue-specific effects on several organs such as brain, breast, urogenital tract, endometrium, bone and cardiovascular system. Aims:: This work aims to (1) present an overview of important published literature on existing methods for the analysis of tibolone and/or its metabolites in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids and (2) to conduct a critical comparison of the analytical methods used in doping control, pharmacokinetics and pharmaceutical formulations analysis of tibolone and its metabolites. Results and conclusions: : The major analytical method described for the analysis of tibolone in pharmaceutical formulations is High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) coupled with ultraviolet (UV) detection, while Liquid Chromatography (LC) or Gas Chromatography (GC) used in combination with Mass Spectrometry (MS) or tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is employed for the analysis of tibolone and/or its metabolites in biological fluids.

Analytical Methods for the Determination of Sartans in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-222
Author(s):  
Miglena Smerikarova ◽  
Stanislav Bozhanov ◽  
Vania Maslarska
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Improve Patient Care ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Reliable Methods ◽  
Improve Patient

Background: Sartans are mostly used as a part of combination with additional medicines in the therapy of essencial hypertension. Preferred combinations are ARB and thiazide diuretics (Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) and Chlorthalidone (CHL)) or ARB and calcium antagonists. The number of sartans mostly prescribed by specialists is only seven - Candesartan (CDS), Eprosartan (EPS), Irbesartan (IBS), Losartan (LOS), Olmesartan (OMS), Telmisartan (TMS) and Valsartan (VLS). Methods: The widespread use of sartans in the treatment of hypertension requires reliable methods of analysis. Bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations should be analyzed to ensure the quality of the medicinal products reaching patients. On the other hand, the analysis of drugs in biological fluids aims to trace and improve patient care by adjusting the therapeutic doses of drugs. According to our knowledge, a review devoted to the analysis of sartans was published in 2014. Results: Spectral methods are widely used in the analysis of bulk drugs and pharmaceutical dosage forms due to their relatively simple procedures, low reagent and sample consumption, speed, precision and accuracy combined with accessibility and comparatively low cost of common apparatus. Many papers for determination of sartans in bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations based on liquid chromatographic techniques were published in the available literature. Among these methods, HPLC takes the leading place but UPLC and HPTLC are also present. Conclusion: The widespread use of sartans in the treatment of hypertension requires reliable methods of analysis. Bulk drugs and pharmaceutical preparations should be analyzed to ensure the quality of the medicinal products reaching patients. On the other hand, the analysis of drugs in biological fluids aims to trace and improve patient care by adjusting the therapeutic doses of drugs. Since 2014, many articles have been published on the sartans analysis and this provoked our interest to summarize the latest applications in the analysis of sartans in pharmaceutical formulations and biological media. Articles published from 2014 to 2018 are covered.

scholarly journals Spectrofluorometric Determination of Verapamil Hydrochloride in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Human Plasma Using Organized Media: Application to Stability Studies

2006 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1565-1572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Walash ◽  
Fathalla Belal ◽  
Nahed El-Enany ◽  
Amina Abdelsalam
Keyword(s):  
Human Plasma ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Stability Studies ◽  
Verapamil Hydrochloride ◽  
Spiked Human Plasma

Abstract A highly sensitive spectrofluorometric method was developed for the determination of verapamil hydrochloride (VP HCl) in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids. The proposed method is based on investigation of the fluorescence spectral behavior of VP HCl in micellar systems, such as sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). In aqueous solutions of borate buffer of pH 9 and 8.5, VP HCl was well incorporated into SDS and β-CD, respectively, with enhancement of its native fluorescence. The fluorescence was measured at 318 nm after excitation at 231 nm. The fluorescence intensity enhancements were 183 and 107% in SDS and in β-CD, respectively. The fluorescence-concentration plots were rectilinear over the range of 0.020.2 and 0.020.25 μg/mL, with lower detection limits of 5.58 × 103 and 3.62 × 103 μg/mL in SDS and β-CD, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of commercial tablets and the results were in good agreement with those obtained with the official method. The method was further applied to the determination of VP HCl in real and spiked human plasma. The mean % recoveries in the case of spiked human plasma (n 4) was 92.59 3.11 and 88.35 2.55 using SDS and β-CD, respectively, while that in real human plasma (n 3) was 90.17 6.93 and 89.17 6.50 using SDS and β-CD, respectively. The application of the method was extended to the stability studies of VP HCl after exposureto ultraviolet radiation and upon oxidation with hydrogen peroxide.

Fabrication of chemically and in situ modified carbon paste electrodes for the potentiometric determination of chlorpromazine HCl in pure pharmaceutical preparations, urine and serum

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (24) ◽  
pp. 15612-15624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gehad G. Mohamed ◽  
Eman Y. Z. Frag ◽  
M. A. Zayed ◽  
M. M. Omar ◽  
Sally E. A. Elashery
Keyword(s):  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Chlorpromazine Hydrochloride ◽  
Carbon Paste Electrodes ◽  
Urine And Serum ◽  
Modified Carbon Paste Electrodes

Newly developed modified and in situ modified carbon paste sensors were developed for the determination of chlorpromazine hydrochloride (CPZHC) in pharmaceutical formulations and biological fluids (urine and serum).

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