231 – Grey matter excess in basal ganglia after early treatment in neuroleptic naïve, newly diagnosed schizophrenia

Background. Previous neuroimaging studies of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have demonstrated anatomic and functional abnormalities predominantly in frontal and striatal grey matter. Here we report the use of novel image analysis methods, which do not require prior selection of regions of interest, to characterize distributed morphological deficits of both grey and white matter associated with ADHD.Methods. Eighteen children with a refined phenotype of ADHD, who also met ICD-10 criteria for hyperkinetic disorder (mean age 10·4 years), and 16 normal children (mean age 10·3 years) were compared using magnetic resonance imaging. The groups were matched for handedness, sex, height, weight and head circumference. Morphological differences between groups were estimated by fitting a linear model at each voxel in standard space, applying a threshold to the resulting voxel statistic maps to generate clusters of spatially contiguous suprathreshold voxels, and testing cluster ‘mass’, or the sum of suprathreshold voxel statistics in each 2D cluster, by repeated random resampling of the data.Results. The hyperkinetic children had significant grey matter deficits in right superior frontal gyrus (Brodmann area (BA) 8/9), right posterior cingulate gyrus (BA 30) and the basal ganglia bilaterally (especially right globus pallidus and putamen). They also demonstrated significant central white matter deficits in the left hemisphere anterior to the pyramidal tracts and superior to the basal ganglia.Conclusions. This pattern of spatially distributed grey matter deficit in the right hemisphere is compatible with the hypothesis that ADHD is associated with disruption of a large scale neurocognitive network for attention. The left hemispheric white matter deficits may be due to dysmyelination.

Download Full-text

Percent Change of Perfusion Skewness and Kurtosis: A Potential Imaging Biomarker for Early Treatment Response in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastomas

Radiology ◽

10.1148/radiol.12112120 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 264 (3) ◽

pp. 834-843 ◽

Cited By ~ 94

Author(s):

Hye Jin Baek ◽

Ho Sung Kim ◽

Namkug Kim ◽

Young Jun Choi ◽

Young Joong Kim

Keyword(s):

Treatment Response ◽

Early Treatment ◽

Imaging Biomarker ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Percent Change ◽

Early Treatment Response ◽

Skewness And Kurtosis

Download Full-text

Analysis of Grey Matter in Thalamus and Basal Ganglia Based on EEG α3/α2 Frequency Ratio Reveals Specific Changes in Subjects with Mild Cognitive Impairment

ASN NEURO ◽

10.1042/an20120058 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 4 (7) ◽

pp. AN20120058 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Davide V Moretti ◽

Donata PaternicoG ◽

Giuliano Binetti ◽

Orazio Zanetti ◽

Giovanni B Frisoni

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Basal Ganglia ◽

Frequency Ratio ◽

Grey Matter

Download Full-text

Basal ganglia volume and cognitive function in newly diagnosed and untreated multiple sclerosis patients

10.26226/morressier.59a3e8b6d462b8028d894dcc ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Ørjan Bergmann

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Basal Ganglia ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Download Full-text

Atypical neuroimaging characteristics of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in infants: a case series of hemorrhagic brain lesions in the deep grey matter

Neuroradiology ◽

10.1007/s00234-020-02595-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Neda Pak ◽

Anseh Selehnia ◽

Maayke A. W. Hunfeld ◽

Maarten H. Lequin ◽

Rinze F. Neuteboom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Basal Ganglia ◽

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Case Series ◽

Periventricular White Matter ◽

Post Contrast ◽

Delay In Diagnosis ◽

Imaging Characteristics ◽

Diffuse Atrophy ◽

Deep Grey Matter

Abstract Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare multisystem condition associated with uncontrolled overproduction and infiltration of lymphocytes and histiocytes predominantly in liver, lymph nodes, spleen, and central nervous system. Neuroimaging findings on MRI are fairly nonspecific and classically include periventricular white matter signal abnormalities and diffuse atrophy. Focal parenchymal lesions may demonstrate post contrast ring or nodular enhancement and calcification. However, the MR imaging characteristics can be highly variable. Here, we present two cases of HLH in infants with multiple hemorrhagic lesions mostly depicted in both thalami and basal ganglia regions. Thalamic, basal ganglia, and brain stem involvement with hemorrhagic changes in HLH are rarely described in literature. Early diagnosis of HLH may be lifesaving. Awareness of the disease is necessary to investigate its characteristic findings and avoiding a delay in diagnosis.

Download Full-text

Altered basal ganglia functional connectivity in multiple sclerosis patients with fatigue

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458514555784 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 925-934 ◽

Cited By ~ 91

Author(s):

C Finke ◽

J Schlichting ◽

S Papazoglou ◽

M Scheel ◽

A Freing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

White Matter ◽

Basal Ganglia ◽

Functional Connectivity ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Matter Density ◽

White Matter Integrity ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Grey Matter Density ◽

Fatigue Severity

Background: Fatigue is one of the most frequent and disabling symptoms in multiple sclerosis, but its pathophysiological mechanisms are poorly understood. It is in particular unclear whether and how fatigue relates to structural and functional brain changes. Objective: We aimed to analyse the association of fatigue severity with basal ganglia functional connectivity, basal ganglia volumes, white matter integrity and grey matter density. Methods: In 44 patients with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis and 20 age- and gender-matched healthy controls, resting-state fMRI, diffusion tensor imaging and voxel-based morphometry was performed. Results: In comparison with healthy controls, patients showed alteration of grey matter density, white matter integrity, basal ganglia volumes and basal ganglia functional connectivity. No association of fatigue severity with grey matter density, white matter integrity and basal ganglia volumes was observed within patients. In contrast, fatigue severity was negatively correlated with functional connectivity of basal ganglia nuclei with medial prefrontal cortex, precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex in patients. Furthermore, fatigue severity was positively correlated with functional connectivity between caudate nucleus and motor cortex. Conclusion: Fatigue is associated with distinct alterations of basal ganglia functional connectivity independent of overall disability. The pattern of connectivity changes suggests that disruption of motor and non-motor basal ganglia functions, including motivation and reward processing, contributes to fatigue pathophysiology in multiple sclerosis.

Download Full-text

Cognitive impairment is associated with subcortical magnetic resonance imaging grey matter T2 hypointensity in multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1191/135248506ms1301oa ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 437-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 113

Author(s):

S D Brass ◽

R HB Benedict ◽

B Weinstock-Guttman ◽

F Munschauer ◽

R Bakshi

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Basal Ganglia ◽

Magnetic Resonance ◽

Globus Pallidus ◽

Grey Matter ◽

Iron Deposition ◽

Lesion Volume ◽

Resonance Imaging

Grey matter hypointensity on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, suggesting iron deposition, has been described in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is related to physical disability, disease course and brain atrophy. We tested the hypothesis that subcortical grey matter T2 hypointensity is related to cognitive impairment after adjusting for the effect of MRI lesion and atrophy measures. We studied 33 patients with MS and 14 healthy controls. Normalized T2 signal intensity in the caudate, putamen, globus pallidus and thalamus, total brain T1-hypointense lesion volume (T1LV), fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery-hyperintense lesion volume (FLLV) and brain parenchymal fraction (BPF) were obtained quantitatively. A neuropsychological composite score (NCS) encompassed new learning, attention, working memory, spatial processing and executive function. In each of the regions of interest, the normalized T2 intensity was lower in the MS versus control group (all P <0.001). Regression modelling tested the relative association between all MRI variables and NCS. Globus pallidus T2 hypointensity was the only variable selected in the final model ( R2 = 0.301, P = 0.007). Pearson correlations between MRI and NCS were T1LV: r = -0.319; FLLV: r = -0.347; BPF: r = 0.374; T2 hypointensity of the caudate: r = 0.305; globus pallidus: r = 0.395; putamen: r = 0.321; and thalamus: r = 0.265. Basal ganglia T2 hypointensity and BPF demonstrated the strongest associations with cognitive impairment on individual cognitive subtests. Subcortical grey matter T2 hypointensity is related to cognitive impairment in MS, supporting the clinical relevance of T2 hypointensity as a biological marker of MS tissue damage. These data implicate a role for basal ganglia iron deposition in neuropsychological dysfunction.

Download Full-text