Efficiency of conventional drinking-water-treatment processes in removal of pharmaceuticals and other organic compounds

2007 ◽  
Vol 377 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 255-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Stackelberg ◽  
Jacob Gibs ◽  
Edward T. Furlong ◽  
Michael T. Meyer ◽  
Steven D. Zaugg ◽  
...  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (16) ◽  
pp. 5955-5976 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Benner ◽  
Damian E. Helbling ◽  
Hans-Peter E. Kohler ◽  
Janneke Wittebol ◽  
Elena Kaiser ◽  
...  

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim van Schagen ◽  
Luuk Rietveld ◽  
Alex Veersma ◽  
Robert Babuška

Owing to the nature of the treatment processes, monitoring the processes based on individual online measurements is difficult or even impossible. However, the measurements (online and laboratory) can be combined with a priori process knowledge, using mathematical models, to objectively monitor the treatment processes and measurement devices. The pH measurement is a commonly used measurement at different stages in the drinking water treatment plant, although it is a unreliable instrument, requiring significant maintenance. It is shown that, using a grey-box model, it is possible to assess the measurement devices effectively, even if detailed information of the specific processes is unknown.


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