Analisis Kadar Senyawa Fenol, 2-Metilfenol dan Asetofenon dalam Limbah Industri Farmasi Secara Gas Chromatografy Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

Limbah industri farmasi mengandung limbah B3 yang harus dikelola sebelum dibuang ke badan air. Salah satu limbah farmasi dengan kandungan limbah B3 adalah senyawa yang tergolong dalam Semivolatile Organic Compounds (SVOC), yaitu senyawa fenol, 2-metilfenol dan asetofenon. Senyawa ini digunakan dalam bahan baku campuran pada industri farmasi. Keberadaan senyawa tersebut harus dipantau dengan melakukan analisis kadar senyawa fenol, 2- metilfenol dan asetofenon dalam sampel air limbah secara gas chromatografi mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan, didapatkan kadar senyawa fenol sebesar 0,0053 mg/L, kadar senyawa 2-metilfenol sebesar 0,1692 mg/L dan kadar senyawa asetofenon sebesar 0,8952 mg/L

Development of an in situ dual-channel thermal desorption gas chromatography instrument for consistent quantification of volatile, intermediate-volatility and semivolatile organic compounds

Aerosols are a source of great uncertainty in radiative forcing predictions and have poorly understood health impacts. Most aerosol mass is formed in the atmosphere from reactive gas-phase organic precursors, forming secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) (effective saturation concentration, C*, of 10−1–103 µg m−3) comprise a large fraction of organic aerosol, while intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) (C* of 103–106 µg m−3) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (C* ≥ 106 µg m−3) are gas-phase precursors to SOA and ozone. The Comprehensive Thermal Desorption Aerosol Gas Chromatograph (cTAG) is the first single instrument simultaneously quantitative for a broad range of compound-specific VOCs, IVOCs and SVOCs. cTAG is a two-channel instrument which measures concentrations of C5–C16 alkane-equivalent-volatility VOCs and IVOCs on one channel and C14–C32 SVOCs on the other coupled to a single high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer, achieving consistent quantification across 15 orders of magnitude of vapor pressure. cTAG obtains concentrations hourly and gas–particle partitioning for SVOCs every other hour, enabling observation of the evolution of these species through oxidation and partitioning into the particle phase. Online derivatization for the SVOC channel enables detection of more polar and oxidized species. In this work we present design details and data evaluating key parameters of instrument performance such as I/VOC collector design optimization, linearity and reproducibility of calibration curves obtained using a custom liquid evaporation system for I/VOCs and the effect of an ozone removal filter on instrument performance. Example timelines of precursors with secondary products are shown, and analysis of a subset of compounds detectable by cTAG demonstrates some of the analytical possibilities with this instrument.

Development of an In Situ Dual-Channel Thermal Desorption Gas Chromatography Instrument for Consistent Quantification of Volatile, Intermediate Volatility and Semivolatile Organic Compounds

Aerosols are a source of great uncertainty in radiative forcing predictions and have poorly understood health impacts. Most aerosol mass is formed in the atmosphere from reactive gas phase organic precursors, forming secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) (effective saturation concentration, C*, of 10−1–103 μg m−3) comprise a large fraction of organic aerosol, while intermediate volatility organic compounds (IVOCs) (C* of 103–106 μg m−3) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) (C* ≥ 106 μg m−3) are gas phase precursors to SOA and ozone. The Comprehensive Thermal Desorption Aerosol Gas Chromatograph (cTAG) is the first single instrument simultaneously quantitative for a broad range of compound-specific VOCs, IVOCs and SVOCs. cTAG is a two-channel instrument which measures concentrations of C5–C16 alkane equivalent volatility VOCs and IVOCs on one channel and C14–C32 SVOCs on the other coupled to a single High Resolution Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer, achieving consistent quantification across 15 orders of magnitude of vapor pressure. cTAG obtains concentrations hourly and gas–particle partitioning for SVOCs bihourly, enabling observation of the evolution of these species through oxidation and partitioning into the particle phase. Online derivatization for the SVOC channel enables detection of more polar and oxidized species. In this work we present design details and data evaluating key parameters of instrument performance such as I/VOC collector design optimization, linearity and reproducibility of calibration curves obtained using a custom liquid evaporation system for I/VOCs and the effect of an ozone removal filter on instrument performance. Example timelines of precursors with secondary products are shown and analysis of a subset of compounds detectable by cTAG demonstrates some of the analytical possibilities with this instrument.

Application of Incremental Sampling Methodology for subsurface sampling

Historically, researchers studying contaminated sites have used grab sampling to collect soil samples. However, this methodology can introduce error in the analysis because it does not account for the wide variations of contaminant concentrations in soil. An alternative method is the Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM), which previous studies have shown more accurately captures the true concentration of contaminants over an area, even in heterogeneous soils. This report describes the methods and materials used with ISM to collect soil samples, specifically for the purpose of mapping subsurface contamination from site activities. The field data presented indicates that ISM is a promising methodology for collecting subsurface soil samples containing contaminants of concern, including metals and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), for analysis. Ultimately, this study found ISM to be useful for supplying information to assist in the decisions needed for remediation activities.