Abstract
With the extensive use of antibiotics, antibiotics contamination and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the water environment is becoming severe. In this study, the distribution characteristics of sulfonamide antibiotics and resistance genes in the urban section of the Yitong River in autumn and winter were studied. The correlation between them and water quality parameters was analyzed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fluorescence quantitative technology. The results showed that the concentration of seven sulfonamide antibiotics in surface water and sediment of the river was generally at the level of ng/L and ng/g; the total concentration range was 11.08-160.60ng/L and ND-85.68ng/g, respectively. The total concentrations of antibiotics were similar in autumn and winter, where SMX was the primary type of antibiotics. The results of Risk Quotients (RQs) showed that SMX and SDZ had moderate acute risk to the corresponding sensitive species in river water, SPD and SIZ had low acute risk, while the rest had no risk. The total bacterial abundance in surface water and sediment was in the range of 10 5 -10 6 and 10 8 -10 11 , respectively. The detection rates of three sulfonamide resistance genes were 100%; the relative abundance was in the range of 10 -3 -10 -1 , and sul1 was the primary resistance gene. The correlation analysis showed that most antibiotics were significantly related. The three resistance genes had a positive correlation, negative correlation, and non-correlation, and most antibiotics had a weak correlation with resistance genes. Nutrients had a more significant impact on antibiotics, and other water quality indicators had a more negligible effect on antibiotics and resistance genes.